tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35258454877532147232024-03-13T13:04:01.104-07:00Writing an informative essaydinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-78473566595143878392020-09-03T02:02:00.001-07:002020-09-03T02:02:10.261-07:00Origin of babies Essay Example for FreeInception of infants Essay Once, there is youngster who wished to have a decent life, an extraordinary family he can consider his own and posterity that he needed to impart his life to. During his bachelorhood, he would for the most part sit on his yard and think about these things. A long time passed by and he had the option to wed the adoration for his life, the sovereign of his heart. He imparted to her, his fantasies when he was as yet a lone wolf and together, they made that solitary basic blessing from heaven. Under the away from sky of Paris, the two of them chose to have their very own group, bring up kids and be acceptable guardians. Before long, their fantasy emerged and was honored with a child. Being the sort of man that he his, he needs to bring up his child a similar way that his folks did to me. He would peruse to his child stories that manage grit, mental fortitude and regard to other people. They were both a caring guardian to their child they would give him all that he need in the event that it is the best for him. At the point when he was a year more established, his dad needs to shape his child into the sort of man that he is. They would frequently go out together and appreciate things that young men truly appreciate. A long time passed, the child was at that point full-developed. He had completed school, had a protected activity and is aiming to wed his school sweetheart. They got hitched following a while of readiness and in the end bore their own youngster and a grandkid to their folks. The existence cycle was at that point finished. The pattern of human life is chain thus it should be satisfied bit by bit so as to show up toward the end goal. Upon the introduction of their child, they had the option to fulfill their desire of having a kid and raise it a similar that their folks did to them. They had the option to satisfy the fantasy of their parentsââ¬â¢ who needed to see little kids going around the garden. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-41555009633629482162020-08-22T17:47:00.001-07:002020-08-22T17:47:27.356-07:00Substance Abuse and the Related ProblemsTheoretical Substance misuse is one of the key issues that the contemporary society is confronting. In spite of the fact that the paces of substance misuse have shifted all through the most recent decade, they remain hazardously high.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Substance Abuse and the Related Problems explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More While generally, the longing to have a place with a particular subculture or a smaller than usual society inside their social condition is recognized as the key factor pushing young people to building up a substance misuse issue, actually, these variables are substantially more various. A nearby thought of the social foundation and the self-character issues of drinking young people will help recognize the reasons for the issue and give a suitable answer for it. Substance Abuse and the Related Problems: The Price for a Moment of Dubious Pleasure Using different substances for accomplishing fake highs i s, lamentably, a typical practice in the contemporary society. Despite the fact that debilitated by society with the assistance of a scope of PSAs communicated in both conventional and present day media, substance misuse holds its ubiquity, especially, among young people. Valid, the paces of liquor misuse have dropped marginally more than 2012 (from 34.50% in 2011 to 32.40% in 2012 (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2013)), just as the paces of tobacco use and unlawful medications (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2013). The utilization of psychedelic drugs, however, has expanded, as indicated by the official measurements (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2013). LSD likewise keeps up its moderately high situation on the rundown (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2013). Since most teenagers resort to drinking for looking for a modest rush and the need to ââ¬Å"fit in,â⬠and misuse sedates in scan for the outlet of their pressure and dissatisfaction, just as stress coming abou t because of low confidence and falsehood about substances, it is sensible to recommend an intercession that joins both the mindfulness raising techniques and the confidence improving ones, including the practices that will prompt a holding procedure among young people and their relatives. Despite the fact that both drinking and utilizing drugs falls under the class of substance misuse, it ought to be noticed that both of the propensities requires a particular situation to be created in. Valid, a scope of medication addicts are additionally reliable on liquor (Howlett, 2012); in any case, being a heavy drinker doesn't really trigger analyses with drugs (Howlett, 2012). When in doubt, a few situations for building up every one of the issues exist.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A drinking issue among young people stems, when in doubt, from the marvel known as hig h school hitting the bottle hard (TBD). Utilized as the way to look for rush or upgrade correspondence with peers, TBD frequently prompts building up a hurtful propensity, which would later on characterize the course of the adolescentââ¬â¢s life and trigger increasingly serious issues, including liquor addiction (Wechsler, Lee, Nelson Kuo, 2012). Notwithstanding, at certain focuses, the explanations behind the securing of the propensity for drinking cross with those of enjoying taking medications. Rush looking for conduct is one of these reasons; social idealism is the other one. Much like medication misuse, the utilization of mixed refreshment prompts an impermanent amnesia and, along these lines, gives the likelihood to disregard issues for some time. Despite the fact that a juvenile might know about the uncommon results that anticipate them, the alleviation is as a rule too enticing to even think about defying it (Wechsler et al., 2012). At last, the absence of parental help a nd the reluctance of the guardians to reevaluate their associations with the juvenile may turn into the key explanation behind the last to begin drinking. The last, yet unquestionably not the least, this is one of the exasperating elements that must be expelled quick. For whatever length of time that the patient gets enough help from family or whatever other individuals, who influence the patientââ¬â¢s life, the odds for a recuperation remain very high. The foundations for sedate maltreatment, then again, shift to where two distinct explanations behind utilizing medications may end up being the specific inverse of one another. For instance, a few sources point at high pressure rates as the conceivable explanation behind an immature to begin utilizing substances (Howlett, 2012). Different sources notice the requirement for a rush as a plausible factor (Howlett, 2012); perceiving how the absence of rush characterizes a somewhat consistent life and the absence of unpleasant componen ts, the predefined cause can be seen as something contrary to the one recently referenced. What's more, falsehood is regularly distinguished as one of the essential elements prompting drug misuse. As such, the infamous thought of a solitary pill not having any substantial impact triggers a significant concoction reliance. The paces of mindfulness in regards to the danger of medication use among the U.S. young people are more than upsetting.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Substance Abuse and the Related Problems explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More When it comes to drinking, the impact of the parental help, or the scarcity in that department, turns out in full blue. Likewise, family foundation implies a great deal to teenagers; however they should seriously think about themselves completely free from their folks, the impact of the last despite everything characterizes the conduct of youthful grown-ups. Seeing their folks drink and, in thi s manner, characterizing subliminally such conduct as confident, they begin utilizing overwhelming alcohol as the methods for idealism, correspondence, and so forth. (Howlett, 2012). At long last, the way of life and sex related analytic markers of liquor addiction and medication maltreatment in youths must be referenced (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Women are more inclined to creating liquor abuse than men (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), however, with regards to sedate maltreatment, the odds for the two sexes to turn out to be profoundly subject to unlawful substances are high (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). While it is inappropriate to guarantee that the improvement of medication and liquor maltreatment in young people requires co-dreary variables, one despite everything need to concede that, in a scope of cases, the purposes behind adolescents resort to medications or liquor are truly comparable. Of the considerable number of elements referenced ab ove, absence of appropriate correspondence with guardians, peer pressure, social exclusion or the dread thereof, and discouragement (which itself might be activated by an assortment of social elements) must be recorded. There is no compelling reason to pressure that substance misuse prompts a significant personality emergency. As per Eriksonââ¬â¢s hypothesis of improvement, an individual advances in a persistent procedure (Schwarz, 2008).Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Along these lines, with such significant hindrances as substance misuse and the accompanying issues with memory, insight, and so on., an individual stops to secure the essential data and use it in their later encounters. At the end of the day, the pulverization of a personââ¬â¢s self begins (Wechsler et al., 2012). Desensitizing their enthusiastic encounters with liquor or medications, youths shut down their intellectual turn of events; by dismissing the social standards, they resist their ethical turn of events; subsequently, teenagers manhandling substances stall out on specific phases of their passionate, subjective and social turn of events, obstructing their way to any further advance. The examination and reexamination of the patientââ¬â¢s self-character must be the key need in tending to the issue of substance misuse (Wechsler et al., 2012). Subsequently, a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be utilized as the fundamental procedure for managing the issue in view of it s emphasis on the intellectual part of the patientââ¬â¢s character improvement (Schwartz, 2008). The job of family in the life of an immature isn't to be underestimated, either. For the treatment meetings to be particularly effective, it is attractive that the connections between the patient and their folks ought to be improved, if conceivable. It is significant that a youthful medication or liquor fanatic ought to have the help of their family when disposing of their reliance on substances. As the way to energize the youthful with a drinking or potentially substance misuse issue for correspondence with their relatives and, in this way, getting the help that the juvenile being referred to requires, it will be important to receive Motivational Interviewing technique (MI) (Miller Rose, 2009). So as to vanquish their substance misuse issue, a pre-adult must perceive the issue all alone and arrive at a cognizant resolution with respect to the need to battle it. Thus, MI ought to be u tilized as the instrument for persuading the patient to patch their ways. In spite of the fact that the measurements on substance maltreatment among youths in the U.S. have not developed a lot in the course of recent years, they despite everything remain perilously high. Since juvenile drinking and substance maltreatment when all is said in done influences the view of their self and, in this way, the further close to home and intellectual turn of events, it is basic that the issue of youthful substance misuse ought to be tended to. By consolidating the hypotheses of Cognitive Development and Motivational Interviewing into the treatment meetings, one must accomplish achievement in decreasing the paces of immature drinking and medication misuse. Reference List American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Indicative and factual manual of mental issue. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Howlett, K. D. (2012). Understanding sand treating immature substance misuse: A primer su rvey. Center: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry, 10(3), 293ââ¬299. Mill operator, W. R. Rose, G. S. (2009). Toward a hypothesis of mo dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-26699149226519914832020-08-21T15:29:00.001-07:002020-08-21T15:29:26.237-07:00Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle Market Essay Example for FreeWorldwide Hybrid Electric Vehicle Market Essay A half breed electric vehicle joins two vitality sources, one of which is mechanical (ICE) and the other electrical. The size of the gas motor in a half and half electric vehicle is littler than that in a customary vehicle. The blend of the two force sources assists with accomplishing better efficiency and execution. Mixture electric vehicles utilize effective advancements, for example, regenerative slowing down that charges the battery by changing over active vitality into electric vitality. Numerous half and half electric vehicles have start-stop frameworks that shut down the ICE when sit and restart it when required, in this manner lessening inactive discharges. Canvassed in this Report This report covers the current situation and the development possibilities of the Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle advertise for the period 2014-2018. To ascertain showcase size, the report considers the unit shipments of the accompanying sorts of half and half electric vehicles in the market: â⬠¢HYBRID ELECTRIC CARS â⬠¢HYBRID ELECTRIC TRUCKS â⬠¢OTHER HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES Key Regions â⬠¢JAPAN. â⬠¢NORTH AMERICA â⬠¢EUROPE â⬠¢CHINA â⬠¢ROW Key Vendors â⬠¢FORD MOTOR CO. â⬠¢HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD. â⬠¢HYUNDAI MOTOR CO. â⬠¢TOYOTA MOTOR CORP. â⬠¢VOLKSWAGEN AG Other Prominent Vendors â⬠¢NISSAN MOTORS â⬠¢GENERAL MOTORS â⬠¢DAIMLER â⬠¢VOLVO GROUP Key Market Driver â⬠¢INCREASED POPULARITY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES â⬠¢FOR A FULL, DETAILED LIST, VIEW OUR REPORT. Key Market Challenge â⬠¢HIGH COST OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES â⬠¢FOR A FULL, DETAILED LIST, VIEW OUR REPORT. Key Market Trend â⬠¢INCREASE IN RD INNOVATIONS â⬠¢FOR A FULL, DETAILED LIST, VIEW OUR REPORT. Key Questions Answered in this Report â⬠¢What will the market size be in 2018 and what will the development rate be? â⬠¢What are the key market patterns? â⬠¢What is driving this market? â⬠¢What are the difficulties to advertise development? â⬠¢Who are the key merchants in this market space? â⬠¢What are the market openings and dangers looked by the key sellers? â⬠¢What are the qualities and shortcomings of the key sellers? For additional bits of knowledge, see our Global Hybrid Electric Vehicle Market 2014-2018 report. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-87644786413681511922020-06-07T02:50:00.001-07:002020-06-07T02:50:03.021-07:00University of Denver Admissions The SAT, ACT Scores and GPA You Need to Get In University of Denver is a respected research universitywith the Rocky Mountains in its backyard. The best of both worlds! Denver, the Colorado city from which DU draws its name, is also known as The Gateway to the Rockies. Skiing, snowboarding, hiking, and rock climbing bring visitors from across the world to the Mile-High City. On top of the wonder if its natural surroundings, Denver is know for its cultural institutions, including a contemporary art center and an active music scene. In fact, in 2016 Denver was selected by the US News World Report as the best place in to live in America! But theres more to the University of Denver than the great city its located in. At DU can expect small class sizes, a commitment to diversity, and all the opportunities that come with living in a rapidly growing and vibrant city. The universitys business program is widely respectedin fact, its considered the best in Colorado! DU also has a well-regarded womenââ¬â¢s college that awards a degree from the university. And for those who want to venture a little farther afield, 7 out of 10 University of Denver students study abroad. Its no surprise then that DU ranks in the top five nationally for study abroad participation! The undergrad community numbers around 5,600 students, smaller than comparable Colorado state universities like Colorado UniversityBoulder, which was also ranked 87th by the US News World Report. Each year about 1,400 new students are admitted. On top of all that, DU offers over 100 clubs and student organizations, and has a freshman retention rate of 87%. Thats pretty darn high! University of Denver at a Glance University of Denver SAT Average Composite Score1270 University of Denver ACT Average Composite Score28.5 University of Denver Admissions Rate 56% University of Denver GPA average (admitted students)3.7 So those are the basic statsnow keep reading to for a deeper look at those numbers, expert tips on DU admissions, and everything else you need to know to give yourself the best shot at being accepted to University of Denver! ðŸâ¢â University of Denver SAT Scores The composite University of Denver SAT scores are listed above, but lets analyze the scores section by section: Math (25%-75%)580-680 Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (25%-75%)590-690 Admitted students scored an average composite of 1270 on the 1500-point scale in 2019. The middle 50% of students admitted in 2019 scored between 1160 and 1370, meaning 25% scored lower than 1160 but were still admitted and another 25% scored above 1370. We recommend you aim for that 1370! And if youre planning on sending SAT scores to DU, here are a few other things you should know: The University of Denver doesnââ¬â¢t have a minimum SAT score to apply, or a threshold guaranteeing acceptance. They also ââ¬Å"superscoreâ⬠standardized test scores by combining your best numbers on each test youââ¬â¢ve taken in to one profile, rewarding you for taking the SAT multiple times. Unlike other schools, the University of Denver doesnââ¬â¢t require SAT Subject tests, but applicants are welcome to submit them. University of Denver ACT Scores The average accepted student had a composite score of 28.5 in 2019, and the middle 50% scored between 26 and 31. Similar to the SAT, thereââ¬â¢s neither a minimum score the University of Denver requires from applicants nor one that will ensure youââ¬â¢re admitted. DU doesnââ¬â¢t require students to submit an ACT Writing score, but you can expect one to increase your chances if you scored well! University of Denver GPA Average Admitted studentsââ¬â¢ high school GPAs from 2019 look like this: GPAPercentile Over 4.0Top 25% 3.60-4.0Middle 50% Below 3.6Bottom 25% As you can see, three-quarters of admitted freshman had a GPA of 3.6 or higher, so we recommend you aim around there. If youre not sure what your current GPA is, you can figure it out with our GPA calculator! University of Denver Acceptance Rate DU accepts more than half all all students that apply, with an acceptance rate of 56% and a 13% yield (the percentage of admitted students who enrolled). However, over the past few years, the University of Denver has been growing more selective. If youââ¬â¢re certain this is the place for you, you should apply for Early Decision or Early Action, since youââ¬â¢re much more likely to gain admission. Students can apply using University of Denverââ¬â¢s Pioneer Application or submit materials using the Common App. DUââ¬â¢s fee is $65, but qualifying students can request a fee waiver. University of Denver Freshman Profile So who are these students? While the freshman profile for the Class of 2023 is not yet available, the student demographics from the Class of 2022 can still give us a good idea of who is attending University of Denver: International Students: 7.5% from 52 countries Students from U.S: 92.5% American Indian/Alaskan Native: 0.2% Asian: 4.5% Black/African-American: 2.2% Hispanic/Latino: 11.8% Multi-race (not Hispanic/Latino): 4.6 Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander: 0.1% White: 74.3% Unknown: 2.3% Expert Advice on How to Get Into University of Denver We spoke to Lena N. from the college prep organization Transizion, to get her expert advice on how to get into University of Denver. Lets take a look at what she had to say! The University of Denver prides itself in its ââ¬Å"whole-person assessmentâ⬠of applicants applying to their school. This means that while the typical SAT and ACT scores range from 1180-1370 or higher on your SAT (680 in Math and 690 in Evidence-Based Reading Writing) A 31 or higher on your ACT A 3.6 or higher GPA A well-written application essay that conveys your unique personality Extracurriculars that show you are passionate about the ââ¬Å"sustainable common goodâ⬠Enthusiastic letters of recommendation that highlight in what ways you are an active participant of your community. If you can check these boxes, theres a good chance that soon youll be packing your bags for one of the best cities in America! Happy studying. ðŸâ¢â dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-88396908130260385582020-05-17T07:07:00.001-07:002020-05-17T07:07:06.646-07:00Essay On Teen Suicide - 1235 Words To the approximate 350 million people worldwide who suffer from depression, these words ââ¬Å"Just think positive, and it will be better tomorrow,â⬠offer little comfort, and even less hope to those considering suicide. Amongst U.S teens, suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death more so than cancer, AIDS, chronic drug use, and heart disease combined. Common risk factors are bullying in school, history of sexual abuse, alcohol, and drug addiction, along with a history of mental illness in the family. There is also a direct correlation between socioeconomic status and suicide in urban, and remote areas. Factors such as social deprivation, or tenant households in public housing create a higher potential of suicide, especially amongst the urbanâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦According to the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), suicide rates are much higher in less urban areas than more urban areas, although mental illnesses are more prevalent in more urban areas; this is bel ieved to be due to the lack of mental health awareness and education programs that are given to the public in larger and more-urban metro areas (Kegler, Stone, and Holand, 2017). Suicide rates in the Unites States are increasing every single year, but that could be reduced over time with the right tactics. If a larger audience in less urban areas could be reached and let known that suicide is not the only option, we could prevent many deaths and improve the lives of many families. To justify this concern, the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report concludes that, ââ¬Å" There is a growing need for comprehensive suicide prevention employing a broad public health approach. This might include strategies applicable for all communities (e.g., strengthening economic support during times of financial hardship and teaching coping and problem-solving skills) along with strategies that address subsets of the population at increased risk, such as rural communities (e.g., programs that addres s provider short- ages and promote social connectedness).â⬠(Kegler, Stone, and Holand, 2017, pg 272). Again, just as there is not one single reason for suicide, there will not be one single answer, because hard work and dedication will be needed fromShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Teen Suicide798 Words à |à 4 PagesTeen suicide My essay is on teen suicide there are a lot of suicides that happen in the U.S they are caused from being bullied also it can caused by being depressed. There is also a high increase of suicides for people who take antidepressants. All this information is true based on the sites below. 1) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/health/September-October-08/Teen-Suicide-Rate-Worries-Mental-Health-Experts.html 2) http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/20/nation/la-na-nn-funeral-illinois-teen-suicide-bullying-20131020Read MoreTeen Suicide Essay605 Words à |à 3 PagesDaneshia Alberty Campbell EnglishIII-7 11 February, 2011 Teen Suicide Essay Teen suicide is one of the fastest killers for young teenagers. Every year thousands of teens die in the United States. There are many different reasons of why young teens commit suicide. Family issues, low self-esteem, and bullying are three of the many leading factors towards suicide for teens. Problems at home can cause a teenager to take their lives. Abuse in the home of the teenager can most often establish aRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay881 Words à |à 4 PagesTeen Suicide Suicide is a growing problem in American culture. Sadly, teens are affected the most. Teen suicide is increasing rapidly. ââ¬Å"About 5,000 teens in the United States kill themselves each yearâ⬠(Peacock, 4). Suicide among teens is a serious and devastating crisis. More teens are taking their lives today than ever before. Teen suicide does not affect one specific type of teen; it affects any type of teen. There are a variety of reasons teens resort to committing suicide. Many people are workingRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay891 Words à |à 4 Pagesanother man without Clementiââ¬â¢s knowledge, Clementi committed suicide. The actual definition of suicide is ââ¬Å"the action of killing oneself intentionallyâ⬠. The act of suicide is a serious matter, and is particularly prevalent among teens and young adults. The best way to prevent teen suicide is through informing people of its existence, and educating them on the warning signs and prevention methods. In this essay I will explain why suicide is a major public health problem through statistics, show theRead MoreEssay On Teen Suicide1332 Words à |à 6 Pagesbut if that s true then why is there an increase in teenagers committing suicide. We all know that the rate of teenage suicide has been on the rise just as fast as the rise of social media use. Teenage suicide is never a good thing and is heartbreaking to those it affects. As social media becomes more intertwined in young people s lives there has been an increase in teen suicide from cyber bullying. Often times young teens don t know the dangers and consequences social media can cause and makesRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1080 Words à |à 5 PagesTeen Suicide ââ¬Å"Suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of ageâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Introduction to Teen Suicideâ⬠). According to Merriam-Websterââ¬â¢s Collegiate Dictionary: suicide is the act or an instance of taking ones own life voluntarily and intentionally. Meaning that when someone takes their life they are fully aware of their decisions. These decisions are clouded by the rational part of the brain not maturing until the age of twenty five. Looking at thisRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1224 Words à |à 5 Pages The rates of suicides in teens have been rising more and more over the past few years; with an increase of over 300% in adolescents since the 1950s. (Miller 2009) Teens are basically crying out for our helps, but it seems that we are ignoring them. But why? Do we not care? Or do we even know what signs to be looking for? ANd average of 1,800 young people take their own lives and almost 85,000 are hospitalized for attempts (CDC, 2008). With the statistics being this high we need to take some actionRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay866 Words à |à 4 PagesNydria Daniel Leslie Campos Enc1101 31 October 2017 Emotional Suicide amongst Teens Suicide has become an extremely important social issue in our society. Did you know that suicide rate is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States according to the A.F.S.P (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention)? Teen suicide rates continue to increase every year according to statistics. Today, teens are having mental struggles that can affect their everyday lifestyle and they canââ¬â¢t seem to find anyoneRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1320 Words à |à 6 PagesEnglish Language Arts 09 November 2017 Teen/Adult Suicides Suicides in the United States have increased in the last year has increased by 9%. The Problems With Suicide/ Percent of Deaths With Suicide In 1980 nearly 27,000 people took their own lives, making suicide the 10th most common cause of death. 57 percent of the cases of suicide in the United States involved firearms. In 2015 Suicide had been marked the second leading cause of death from ages 10-24. Suicide has been a major health problem in theRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1679 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"Suicide of any kind is an act in which a person takes his or her own life. FACT: Suicide is a prevalent cause of death among Americaââ¬â¢s youth today.Each and every day almost 1000 teenagers think about suicide and about 0.018% of them will be successful in committing it.â⬠It is an ongoing problem that is often described as uncalled for immature and unnecessary. But having a deeper understanding and better knowledge are some key factors for preventing teenage suicide. This ââ¬Å"problemâ⬠most likely start dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-20061058740022885932020-05-06T18:59:00.001-07:002020-05-06T18:59:26.269-07:00Propelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism Propelling Rational Thought over Compelling Empiricism Aaron Nicely Intro to Philosophy 02-09-2016 In this paper I intend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental empiricism of John Lockeââ¬â¢s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. Rationalism and empiricism are two modes of thought that have been adopted within epistemology, the branch of philosophy devoted to studying the nature, sources and limits of knowledge. In fact, other than the ties to epistemology the two schools of thought are very plainly much like Descartes and Locke, the direct opposite of each other. Rationalism is the belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response. Empiricism on the other hand is the theory tha t all knowledge is derived from sense-experience. Stimulated by the rise of experimental science, it developed in the 17th and 18th centuries, expounded in particular by John Locke. While John Locke convincingly asserts and defends the empiricistââ¬â¢s belief that sense perception is the main source of knowledge and thereby personal identity. My views regarding consciousness and self are inShow MoreRelatedCMNS 304 Notes Essay5778 Words à |à 24 Pagesturns around and goes backwards (Whatââ¬â¢s going on now? The murder) Hitchcock is leaving you with your own imagination. When the camera trackââ¬â¢s back, you imagine what is going on behind the windows ââ¬Å"Treeâ⬠we imagine through our own experiences and thoughts Hitchcock is taking us through different everyday lives, leaves us to imagine horrific events.. Then back to everyday lives. WE ARE THEN left with fear Hitchcock wants us to be afraid of the unknown that we make fear, fearful He wants us to be dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-52588969281887338632020-05-06T00:24:00.001-07:002020-05-06T00:24:27.727-07:00Research in Accounting Question: Discuss about theResearch in Accounting. Answer: Introduction The preparation and presentation of the financial statements of a company is very much important as it shows the fair value of the company. The accounting ethics are maintained to prepare, disclose and present the financial information morally and ethically so the users of the financial statements get the actual value of the data. The strong built construction company has been in the downturn due to the austerity measures of the government. The company is successful to maintain its level of revenue but the profit before the tax has fallen. However, Bill strong states that conventional agency theory approaches to the executive compensation in which the employees would receive the financial benefits will help them to motivate employees(Alegria Carreira, do Amparo Guedes and da Conceio Aleixo, 2008). The compensation plans are very much important in order to motivate the employees. The motivation of the employees will help to achieve the goals of the organization. Susan Bold states that the intrinsic considerations should be taken into account in order to determine the executive compensation. Main Context Constituents of the Remuneration Package The company can provide the following remuneration packages: Base Salary The base salary of the employees is also called as the fixed salary that the organization pays on the basis of the skills, knowledge, talent and qualification of the employees(Bloom and Webinger, 2011). It is significant for the company to implement appropriate plan of basic salary that supports the management to retain talented employees. Long Term Incentives The long term incentives are given to the employees and executives to motivate them and it considered as variable compensation. It is given to the employees on the basis of the long term performance and it is paid in stocks. Annual Bonus The rewards are given to the employees for their efforts in order to motivate them to achieve their task goals. Employee Benefits The companies also provide other benefits to their employees such as saving program, pension and life insurance plans(Corporate Social Responsibility, 2016). Traditional Agency Theory The traditional agency theory puts emphasis on effect of compensation on motivating employees to achieve their task objectives. The compensation is provided on the basis of their performance. According to the economic perspective agency theory has been introduced to determine the executive compensation plan system that can be adopted by the organization (Cowton, 2009). It links the compensation plan with the performance of the employees, organization, stockholders interest and return on investment. The effect of compensation system on behavior of executives and the performance of the organization is explained in the traditional agency theory that shows how to motivate employees. There is a relationship between the performance of the company and compensation plans. Divergence Between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Relation Between them The motivation of executives and staff members is very much important for an organization to achieve its goals. The introduction of different theories has explained the importance of motivating employees within an organization. The external and internal factors also play a significant role in motivating employees(Guidelines for auditing process safety management systems, 2011). There is a difference between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic factor means external factors that motivate employees. The motivation that are linked with the community culture, social and belief are known as extrinsic motivation. It is considered to be as an external obligations, demand and reward that are required for the achievement of the goals. The employees should be intrinsically motivated and in such situation they should enjoy an activity, learn more things and developmental skills. The intrinsic motivation has become one of the key factors that influence the behaviour of the employees. The motivation of employees is very much important as it helps them to achieve their task objectives as well as personal development. According to the research intrinsic and extrinsic motivation depends on the one dimensional model. The achievement goal theory has been introduced that explains that employees should adopt themselves in different combinations of intrinsic and extrinsic environment(Guidelines for risk based process safety, 2007). Therefore, the following studies help to address problems and representing the negative relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Both the factors should be considered by an organization in order to motivate employees to achieve their goals. The study will help to measure the int rinsic and extrinsic motivation within an organization and their contribution by evaluating the differences between the two motivation factors. Risk Adverse Employees and Risk Seeking Employees The attitudes of the employees towards the risk can influence their compensation package. Risk refers to the increment of uncertain increment and greater volatility. Therefore, it endorses the increment of exchanges and it helps in creation of expected higher returns. The risk within an organization can influence the behaviour of the employees as well as their desired compensation package. The employees who take maxim risks deserved to get appropriate compensation packages in comparison to employees who take less risk. The risk within an organization also affects the investment decision and it may develop certain questions in the mind of the employees such as whether the company can cope with the current completive environment. Therefore, increase in the risks might affect the development of the companies and appropriate measures should be adopted to mitigate such risks. The risks adverse are referred to as appropriate enhancement of performance of employees that will help them to ta ke appropriate decisions. Therefore, the increment of salary will help to motivate the employees and increasing the involvement of the staff members to face adverse risks. Financial Benefits Influence and Motivate Employees The monetary benefits that are provided to the employees help to motivate them to achieve their task objectives. The monetary benefits that are provided by the organization to their employees are fringe benefits, paid holidays, bonus and other benefits. The main purpose of the benefits is to motivate employees and it is given after experience of one year and is considered as the extra benefits. The fringe benefits include health insurance plan, paid holidays and ownership plans. Role of Fairness While Determining Compensation The fairness or equity consideration is significant while determining and evaluating the compensation plan system. The compensation committee must include fair or equity compensation plan and determining most appropriate strategies for compensation plans. The perception of equity or fairness is associated with the concept of equity or justice. Therefore, equity pay or fairness reward is related to the behaviour or attitudes of the employees that is necessary for the growth of the organization. It ensures pay satisfaction among employees of the company. The perception and views of the employees towards fair or equity compensation plans is related to attitudes, performance and behaviour of the employees(Knechel, 2007). Equity or fairness is important and arises in the context of compensation plan. There are some areas in which the equity or fair compensation plan is to be considered: The legal issues of equal pay for the works Differences in the payment caused by the competition or market pressure The fairness of pay for the employees who are doing the same job The employees perception towards the pay The fairness or equity can influence the ability of the organization to attract, retain and motivate employees. It is achieved when the equity return is equal to investment of the company. The pay should be equal to the work value performed as per fairness or equity. Executive Compensation Committee Provides Benefits to Determine the Compensation To determine the compensation in the attempt to encourage and motivate the employees towards the goals and motives of the company, the executive compensation committee is responsible for providing the benefits. The committee takes the responsibility of overseeing the design, planning and the implementation of the compensation planning and the benefit strategies of the organization that includes the basic salary, retirement plans, incentive and equity compensation plans and the strategies of the organization for the benefits of the employees. The compensation plan will help in providing support to the employees(Marzo, 2011). The compensation plan will provide support to the main objectives of the company and it will also be considered according to the performance of the employees. Structure an Executive Compensation Committee There are both legal as well as practical reasons for the selection of a committee for compensation. The committee is consistent of an independent director. The compensation committee is responsible for dealing with the adverse and difficult conditions of the company. It is important compensation committees to be independent and autonomous in nature. The committee should have the authority to control itself because of the fact that it is mainly welfare oriented from the employees perspective. The committee generally consists of 3 to 5 members. The members of the committee are mostly appointed by the board of directors(Ims, Pedersen and Zsolnai, 2013). The corporate governance is responsible for appointing the committee. As a result the corporate governance is responsible for the focusing on the establishment of the qualification of the board members. It is important that the compensation committee needs to be expert in the compensation but on the other hand, they should also understa nd the costs, risks, mechanics and other consequences for the compensation decisions Conclusion The financial benefits are used by the companies in order to compensate for the executives and the employees. These compensations help to motivate the employees as well as the executives to get the objectives and goals achieved(Pepper and Gore, 2014). The benefits are given in the form of life insurance, disability insurance, retirement plan, paid vacation and stock ownership plans(Paterson, 2016). The compensation of the employees is the authority of the executives and benefits that are given by the employees in the form of financial matters in the attempt to motivate the employees for achieving goals and motives of the organizations. Part 2 Question i) 1.The objective of this research is to provide auditors with the data that are helpful for the creation of the Statement ISA 700 for the purpose of the reduction of the audit expectation gap. Thus the auditor can be able to create the financial statement for the purpose of the continuation of the fair and the appropriate judgment for the creation of the accurate report and helps in building the framework for the financial reports(Hermanson et al., 2011). The financial reporting standards helps in the creation of the enhancement for the development of the framework for the report and thus it also helps in the capering t5he process that are involved during the creation of the comparison between the management and the experience of the auditors(Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting, 2016). Thus the creation of the comparison enhances the management for the purpose of experiencing the development strategy and also helps in enhancing the requirement made for the purpose of the creation of the financial statements. Henceforth the objectives help in the completion of the responsibility for carrying out the successful process and thus it also helps in the enhancement of the responsibility which provides the creation of the statement. Thus the audit report provides the significant characteristics that help in the creation of scope for the auditor to create the appropriate opinions for the provision of the proper facilities(Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting, Volume 12, 2008). Therefore the judgment of the auditors report helps in the creation of the proper facilities that are required for the enhancement of the proper structure for the enhancement of the structure of the company. 2. Group no. 1. Effect of the financial statement on audit expectation gap The evaluation is made in this is done for the proper acknowledging the criterion that are requisite for the creation of the comparison between the uneducated students and the auditor. Thus it also helps in the proper enhancement of the differentiation that helps the auditors to create the acknowledgement for the students in order establish the system of education. 2. Responsibility of the auditor The creation of the crucial responsibility for the auditor is crucial for the preparation of the auditor carries and hence the true value is created for the proper determination of the fraudulency and the omission of the financial statements is detected. 4. Audit Expectation Gap The expectation gap also helps in creation of the audit gap which differentiates between the expectation gap and the financial; auditors. Thus it also helps in the creation of the auditing for the financial statements that are required for the development of the true value. 5. Effectiveness of Auditors report to reduce audit expectation gap For the continuation of the evaluation method, the conclusion of this report represents the expansion of the report and thus it also helps in the enhancement of the changes that should be made for the creation of perception of the auditor. 6. Persistence of Audit Expectation Gap The proper implementation of the ISA 700 helps in the creation of the expectation for the creation of the gap and thus it also helps in carrying out the changes that are required for the creation of the reduction expectation gap. Thus the purpose of the expectation gap also helps in the development of the patterns that are required for the carrying out the responsibility by the auditor for the users. 3. One of the most important objectives is to check the manipulation that assists in the realization of the manipulation existence. Moreover, it also assists providing the information to the auditor. The main objective of checking the manipulation in this context, the competitors or the participants asked the questions related to this scenario, are very useful to concern the values which are needed to enhance the survey for the purpose of the inquiry. The total mean seemed in this context like 4.81 for the whole treatment purpose of the information. Moreover, like 2.20 of this treatment were done merely(Special issue on Risk management, governance and assurance, 2010). Conversely, on the other hand, here we can conclude that the accepting of the report is done merely for the appropriate creation of their judgment which also assists to enhance the rating. Consequently, it also facilitates to provide the distinctive means of these enhancement procedures which assists to carry-out the p rocedures of behavior and manners of each group and the manipulation judgment. Question ii) The audit expectation gap is differentiation between expectation of public about the auditing and the performance of the auditors or the outcome of the auditing(Gold, Gronewold and Pott, n.d.). In order to reduce this gap the auditors are trying hard and put utmost effort so that improve the auditing performance by the auditors. The new auditors have to practice under the experienced auditors and adequate training and learning program help the new auditors to improve their auditing skills thus help in eliminating the audit expectation gap(Special issue on Risk management, governance and assurance, 2009). The study help in detecting the issue related to the auditing and aid to evaluate the audit expectation gap of Ghana. In this particular context the researcher provide proper regulation in respect of the auditing as well as the profession require to modify the reasonable expectation of the various users. The procedures of auditing are performed for the appropriate improvement of the expense types as well as helps in managing the account of the firm. Therefore, the main concern is given to the firm in order to improve the expectation of the auditing performance in the yearly financial report of the firm(Special issue on Risk management, governance and assurance, 2010). If the novelty the variety of the expectation placed with the differentiation of the firm and therefore the expectation gap made in a audit report thus, original report is as well performed to the external report. In order to choose the participants for the study the academic scholar furnish a set question in order to interview the participants of the study(Woods, 2011). The researcher to collect the necessary data for the research study uses the survey methodology. The purposive sampling methodology is used to obtain the most reasonable sample for the research study. The selection of the sample is done as per the knowledge of the participants. The researcher also use the convenient sampling techniques in order to develop the system(Special issue on the practice of risk management, 2012). Therefore, it as well help in improvement of the questionnaire, which are accountable for creating the precise approach. The questionnaires research is mainly composed of the number of 50 questions that are included for the object of the continuation of this reasonable response. Moreover, it also represents in this scenario, when this 30 question are returned from the auditors. The resting part is 35 questions may return also by the stockbrokers. Moreover, from the answer of these 20 questions commonly are seemed to be functional for each of the group. The research helps also to attend and collect the primary information or data which is more important for proper participation procedure. It also collected with the help of the given data and also these answers are also received the competitors(Unerman, 2008). At the near end of the questions, it provides assistance in the development of the score that seemed to rise from 1 to 5. As a result it supports the shift from strong disagreement to rigid agreement. It is not just the transition but the anonymity is also maintained along with the continuation and the conduct of the study. The fraud detection is generally used to create the continuation of the fundamental objectives which assists in continuation of their primary objectives for the research of the procedure. The main objectives to creates the suitable reporting statement. Moreover, it also assists in continuation of the scenario of business(Foss and Stea, 2014). The procedures and the people are assists of the company, dissatisfaction of their own objectives are also to be seemed reposition with the facilities of the appropriate acquisition of their band gaps inside the expectation gaps. From this context, the two flaws are generally detected to discuss this expectation gap in this context and hereafter annual report is reflected (Tunca Caliyurt, 2007). References Alegria Carreira, F., do Amparo Guedes, M. and da Conceio Aleixo, M. (2008). Can we teach ethics and professional deontology? An empirical study regarding the Accounting and Finance degree.Social Responsibility Journal, 4(1/2), pp.89-103. Bloom, R. and Webinger, M. (2011). Contextualizing the Intermediate Financial Accounting Courses in the Global Financial Crisis.Accounting Education, 20(5), pp.469-494. Corporate Social Responsibility. (2016).IJSR, 5(1), pp.1829-1831. Cowton, C. (2009). Accounting and the ethics challenge: Reà membering the professional body.Accounting and Business Research, 39(3), pp.177-189. Foss, N. and Stea, D. (2014). Putting a Realistic Theory of Mind into Agency Theory: Implications for Reward Design and Management in Principal-Agent Relations.European Management Review, 11(1), pp.101-116. Gold, A., Gronewold, U. and Pott, C. (n.d.). The ISA 700 Auditors Report and the Audit Expectation Gap Do Explanations Matter?.SSRN Electronic Journal. Guidelines for auditing process safety management systems. (2011). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Guidelines for risk based process safety. (2007). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience. Hermanson, D., Tompkins, J., Veliyath, R. and Ye, Z. (2011). The Compensation Committee Process*.Contemporary Accounting Research, 29(3), pp.666-709. Ims, K., Pedersen, L. and Zsolnai, L. (2013). How Economic Incentives May Destroy Social, Ecological and Existential Values: The Case of Executive Compensation.J Bus Ethics, 123(2), pp.353-360. Knechel, W. (2007).Auditing. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Marzo, G. (2011). A Commentary on Contextualising the Intermediate Financial Accounting Courses in the Global Financial Crisis.Accounting Education, 20(5), pp.511-514. Paterson, A. (2016). Lawyers ethics and professional responsibility.Legal Ethics, pp.1-5. Pepper, A. and Gore, J. (2014). The economic psychology of incentives: An international study of top managers.Journal of World Business, 49(3), pp.350-361. Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting, Volume 12. (2008). Emerald Group Publishing. Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. (2016). London: Emerald Group Publ. Special issue on Risk management, governance and assurance. (2009).Managerial Auditing Journal, 24(9). Special issue on Risk management, governance and assurance. (2010).Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(2). Special issue on Risk management, governance and assurance. (2010).Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 23(2). Special issue on the practice of risk management. (2012).Managerial Auditing Journal, 28(2). Tunca Caliyurt, K. (2007). Accounting Ethics Education in Turkish Public Universities.Social Responsibility Journal, 3(4), pp.74-80. Unerman, J. (2008). Strategic reputation risk management and corporate social responsibility reporting.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 21(3), pp.362-364. Woods, M. (2011). A Commentary on Contextualizing the Intermediate Financial Accounting Courses in the Financial Global Crisis.Accounting Education, 20(5), pp.525-528. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-80730266025161609232020-04-20T06:51:00.001-07:002020-04-20T06:51:02.724-07:00Why Do Psychologist Do Experiments Essays - Psychology, Why Do Psychologist Do Experiments? Why do psychologists do experiments? Psychology is very hard to define due to it's very nature and the wide range of topics that it covers. No two books will give exactly the same definition of 'psychology' or what subject matter it covers. However most definitions would suggest psychology to be the 'scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.' An astonishing variety of topics is covered under this definition for example topics can range from 'obesity' to 'living with a divided brain', from 'expression of aggression' to 'childhood amnesia'. No one today can afford not to know psychology as it touches every aspect of life. For example: How does the way your parents raised you affect the way you raise your kids? What effect does stress have on your immune system? How effective is psychotherapy when treating depression? How should instruments in a nuclear power station be designed to minimise human error? Can men care for infants as ably as women? Psychologists work on these and many more questions which need to be answered as through psychological theories and research we can learn to better understand ourselves, what motivates us and how to handle situations in a better way although each situation and the individuals involved in it are unique, some things could be applied to real life. For example parents may learn that reward is better than punishment when handling their kids. Also such theories and research have and will continue to influence laws concerning a number of areas such as capital punishment, pornography, sexual behaviour (for example sexual deviancy) However as most questions like the ones mentioned above relate to the 'psyche' (a totality of inner experience lacking in spatial dimensions) the problem is: How do external observers investigate someone else's psyche systematically if they cannot understand it with their senses? Behaviourism, a movement in psychology, maintains 'we cannot study the psyche at all because its immateriality renders it inaccessible to measurement.' This is where experimentation comes in. An experiment is a 'method of investigation in which the researcher manipulates the situation in order to bring about a change in the research participant's behaviour.' Behaviourists, use cause-effect methodology to measure the directly observable: the environment and behaviour as this is essentially the only way one can get an insight in to the answer of any of the above questions. However many psychologists object to this exclusively behavioural definition saying that a complete denial of the psyche prevents them from making inferences about the phenomena behind behaviour. If psychologists can explain behaviour by referring to consciousness, cognition, thought or emotion, then they can risk a much richer range of predictions about behaviour. Thus many psychologists regularly construct theories about the psyche, but still choose to base them on the experimental observation of behaviour played out in measurable environmental circumstances. Therefore experiments are essential as they allow determination of cause and affect as psychologists are interested in finding about more about human behaviour and the mental processes that underpin it. For example if we wanted to find out if absence really does make the heart grow fonder (Does 'absence really make the heart grow founder?). Is it enough simply to look around and make informal observations and on that basis come to a conclusion we feel happy with? Of course in one sense it is, and as naturally inquisitive people, we do this sort of thing all the time as a means of forming our own opinions. But the fact of the matter is that such a process inevitably leads different people to different conclusions - because we each focus on different information, have different experiences, have different agendas. Thus some people think absence really does make the heart grow fonder while others think the opposite, that Absence leads the heart to wander; or Out of sight, is out of mind . To know which is correct or when each is correct and, more importantly, why, we need to act as scientists, not lay-scientists. Using the scientific method to answer such questions differentiates psychology from other disciplines that address similar questions. The scientific method is a procedure for acquiring and testing knowledge through systematic observation or experimentation (e.g., through use of dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-36576007977324645762020-03-15T12:44:00.001-07:002020-03-15T12:44:03.044-07:00Robert Frost - Fire and Ice essaysRobert Frost - Fire and Ice essays Some say the world will end in fire, From what Ive tasted of desire Robert Frost contrasts fire and ice in such a way, that the reader is left to believe he is speaking of emotions. Desire, when describing love, is such an emotion that a person is left to crave the mere being and soul of another person. It is the sheer appetite to taste that other individual that makes the passion of desire so powerful. Desire is easily compared to fire in the same way that a fire burns intensely, and is easily ignited, so is desire a distinction to the combustion of obsession. Hatred, the most intense emotion known to describe the extreme aversion felt by man for another being is compared to ice. Ice is the powerful reaction that occurs at extreme temperatures and turns any liquid substance into a solid. Both hatred and ice produce a result so extreme that the destruction of the world does not seem such a tragedy in their wake. To distinguish desire and fire against hatred and ice show two extremes contrasted with two emotions. Robert Frost easily takes hold of the reader and throws them into another place. A place of intense emotion, both scorn and obsession, and the sensation of heat and cold. Places were the force of destruction and the fruit of life can obliterate one another. The poem breathes the essence of creation and devastation. Frost, a mastermind with words, can take a simple feeling, sentence, and phrase and transform such an idea as to take the reader from the book to the fantasia in his mind. Fire and ice displays the emotions felt and the literal forms of those emotions. ... dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-28116129477605491752020-02-28T03:10:00.001-08:002020-02-28T03:10:02.633-08:00The production and the sales of cigarettes should be made illegal Research PaperThe production and the sales of cigarettes should be made illegal - Research Paper Example It is harmful is many different ways. There is nothing positive and healthy about smoking cigarettes. A lot of people around the world are now strongly addicted to smoking and considering the side-effects and long term impacts of cigarette smoking, many people want to quit their habit. Everybody has learned from the very early stage of their life that smoking is injurious to health but not everyone knows the gravity of its effects. People who smoke are not even well-aware of the damage they are causing to their health. According to Casey Holley, ââ¬Å"Smoking cigarettes affects almost every aspect of a smoker's life. Every internal organ is affected by smoking. Many of the effects of smoking are at least partially reversible if the smoker quits smokingâ⬠. According to a report published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it has been estimated that 443,000 each year are caused due to the side effects of smoking. According to the report, ââ¬Å"Smoking causes an estim ated 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and 80% of all lung cancer deaths in women.â⬠As a result, it should be understood by the smokers that how much loss they are causing to their health. Still we cannot impose a ban on the production and sales of cigarettes because the choice of smoking is solely an individualââ¬â¢s choice for his own health. ... On the other hand, comparing the adverse effects of smoking with alcohol addiction, it can be analyzed that alcohol has been found with more grave and intense side-effects. It not only affects the health but it also causes threat to the lives of many innocent people around. A cigarette smoker may cause harm to its environment, his own health and also, he may effects the health of the other person but at the same time, while smoking in an open environment may restrict him from causing damage to the other personââ¬â¢s health. But alcohol can directly affect the lives of many people. For example, individuals who drink and drive are risking the lives of other people than those who smoke and drive. Alcohol consumers have an unstable family life than those who are intensely addicted to smoking. Similarly, no cigarette smoker can sexually abuse or harass and even, kill a person under the influence of cigarette; however, many cases have been observed where the person has killed, raped or physically abused a person under the influence of alcohol. According to Chris Hawkey (2009), thousands of people die annually due to alcohol-related diseases as compared to cigarettes. Alcohol not only destroys an individualââ¬â¢s health but it also dismantles his self-esteem and dignity. If restricting or banning advertising of cigarettes can be banned then a same rule should be applied on the advertising of alcohol. In some parts of the world including France, a strict ban has been imposed on alcohol advertising. However, in other parts of the world, advertising of cigarettes is considered as an impending threat which can influence the young teenagers and other people to smoke but no one, considers the compelling ads of dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-83363671902263146192020-02-11T19:55:00.001-08:002020-02-11T19:55:03.292-08:00Business and Trade Relationships between the United States and China Term PaperBusiness and Trade Relationships between the United States and China - Term Paper Example As the business relationship between these two nations have gone through a many high points as well as low points, it has been an interesting topic of study for many researchers throughout the world. Furthermore, it is important to understand the different details of the trade relationship in order to get a better idea on how the relationship would continue in the future. This article focuses on exploring the business relationship between the United States and China. Traversing through historical trends, current state of business and future trends, this study would try to identify any potential opportunities for the future and how they can be utilized. In addition, it will also look at the possible challenges and ways to overcome those challenges. A Historical Perspective Early 18th century to World War II Before exploring the current and the potential of future relationships, it is necessary to take a look at way in which trade relations shaped historically. The first trade interact ion between two countries began around the late 1700s through the sea route. After the American Revolution, there was an attempt at sea exploration and American trader ship known as the ââ¬ËEmpress of Chinaââ¬â¢ arrived in the port of Canton (Dudden, 1992). This arrival of this ship in China was a very remarkable event because of the needs of both these countries. China had a huge demand for raw materials and Americans were on the hunt for anything exotic and oriental (Ng, 1983). This paved the way for a trade relationship between the two nations, which began to be popularly known as the Old China trade. The Americans were very interested in products like tea, cotton and silk, where as the Chinese were interested... Business relationships between the United States and China is a topic of discussion in this term paper. The researcher chose it because of the complex economic relationships between two countries and the way. The United States and China economic relationship has been one that has seen tremendous high points and equally strong low points. During the 1970s, the trade interactions between the United States and China were very less. However, the establishment of good bilateral relationship between both these countries resulted in the expansion of economic ties and hence, there was a considerable surge in the way in which trade and business grew. In due course of time, that is analyzed in the paper China become one of the top five trading partners of the United States and has become the largest market for the exported goods from China. The U.S companies have also been investing in China at a steady pace, especially during the past decade in avenues such as information technology. It is ve ry interesting to note how the trade and business relationship between two nations is heavily dependent on the way in which the political relationship between these nations is at a particular point of time. In conclusion, the researcher stets that while it is clear that trade between these countries have proven to be mutually beneficial, it would require a tremendous effort from the political and economic leadership of both nations to ensure that a strong momentum is maintained in times to come. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-38564381809437022652020-01-31T12:18:00.001-08:002020-01-31T12:18:03.684-08:00Night and Singapore Essay Example for Free Night and Singapore Essay The usual fays are over for me. No school, no study just play. But the next day was a dream going to become true. WE WERE GOING TO SINGAPORE just the next day. I got up early morning. We packed the things and went to the airport. In the airport and saw may types of people. We boarded our flight and went for Singapore. After reaching the airport we went to hotel exhausted and hungry when we reached we ate and slept had booked our flight to Mumbai international airport. I liked Singapore because the people are nice and the food is very nice and everything is green and very clean and they keep the streets clean and itââ¬â¢s safe to walk down them not like in my home when I lived in Hollywood where the streets have a lot of people who get sick and make a mess from either their mouths or they make BMââ¬â¢s and just leave it on the streets for everyone to walk by. Singapore is much cleaner than Hollywood. Here are some things I learned about Singapore: * Singapore has the highest per capita rate of millionaires in the world (approx 10%) * Singapore was originally a small fishing post until about 200 years ago, when Stanford Raffles and the British East India realized it was a very good place for a port town * Singapore means ââ¬Å"Lion townâ⬠because an old Sultan said that he once saw a Lion there but since Lions donââ¬â¢t live anywhere Tigers live, everyone agrees that he either dreamed it or was a-lion about it! (That was a pun.) * In Singapore, you can go to the zoo at night on a ââ¬Å"Night Safariâ⬠and see all the nocturnal animals, and it makes a lot of sense because normally when I go to the zoo in America all the animals are exhausted because it is hot and they always tell you ââ¬Å"most of these animals donââ¬â¢t have sweat glands thatââ¬â¢s why they play in the mudâ⬠which seems mean to keep them out all the time in the hot sun so kids can poke sticks at them and bang on the glass, but in Singapore, it is nighttime so the animals are all eating and moving around and this one animal called a ââ¬Å"Tapirâ⬠came right up to the tram and I think it was because he liked how I smelled. All in all I highly recommend a trip to Singapore because it is awesome!! dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-28710011140540282020-01-23T08:42:00.001-08:002020-01-23T08:42:03.092-08:00Joels Dream :: Dialogue Conversation Essays Joel's Dream Joel was sitting in the airport lounge, sipping his mineral water, when the tanoy came on," BA flight two-six-one to Milan is now boarding. Please make your way to departure gate three, Thank you." " That's me! See you later Shaz, I'll phone you when I get there !" " See you Joel, hope everything goes okay!" After exchanging kisses, Joel picked up his bags and heads off through the Departures corridor and to the plane. Joel was possibly the best talent to come out of Scotland for years. He could play football with such style and skill, this was why he had been offered the most lucrative deal for a Scottish player ever. AC Milan, arguably the greatest team in the world had offered him a deal which would see him earn more than £40000 a week. This would make him the highest paid player in Europe and accelerate him to the top of world football. He was due to meet the manager on Monday to discuss the terms of his contract and if all went well he would sign for Milan and fulfill his dream of being a star footballer and also make his wife Sharon very very happy. Sharon was a gold digger and was after Joel for his money, but she did stick by him, they had been married for two years and if Joel got the contract Sharon would be able to move to Milan and have everything and have everything she desired. So obviously she was very determined to see this deal go through. After arriving at the hotel Joel settles in and unpacks before going to the Milan training camp to meet the players and his (hopefully) new manager, Roberto Ravelli. " Hello! I'm Erigo I will be your guide while you are in Italy. I'm sorry if my English is no good but I am still getting lessons. Anyway welcome to Italy!! Anywhere you want to go I will take you." " Oh thanks but I just want to meet the players then go back to the hotel and get some rest." " I understand it has been a long flight and you need to rest." " Yeah maybe we can go somewhere tomorrow or something!" said Joel who was getting a bit bored of talking and just wanted to get home and sleep. " OK then it's a date," replied Erigo." But I've been instructed to take you on a tour of the stadium before you go!" dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-38592212195583650762020-01-15T05:06:00.001-08:002020-01-15T05:06:02.966-08:00Islamic Influences in the PhilippinesBarter trade, equivalent exchange, and financial agreement, these words fall to the similar idea of agreeing to a set amount of items to exchange between two or more parties. A very underrated type of business, but very effective in the world of today. People see the world of business as a meaner to earn and make the most out of exchanges in order to buy more and more things for themselves, rather than the idea of getting the most out of a certain item purchased or traded.Barter in the Philippines had first been recognized in the lower regions such as Gambling, Zebu and Taw-Taw. The Filipinos there would encounter numerous people from around the world but most commonly would be the Chinese and the Muslims. The Muslims would often be known to be trading spices and silk to the Filipinos for fruits and rice, which became a very common trade throughout time. With this more and more Muslims even styled and taught many Filipinos the concepts Enid Trade and Commence between countries and cu ltures.Barter trade was an Islamic influence towards the Filipinos as it was a very common practice within the Middle East. Spices, Silk, Fruits, and Cattle were commonly traded among travelers in order to refill their stocks or to try new items. More so, Barter was a way of life in the early civilizations due to the fact that it allowed surplus foods and items to be traded for more useful items. In modern day Taw-taw, Gambling and Zebu, barter trade practices can still be en throughout the shores and towns along the coasts.Many countries such as the neighboring Malaysia have found these cities to be a well loved tender to all their needs for trading. Studies show how even families have relatives from both the Philippines and Malaysia due to the trade industry between relationships of the trading parties. The naturalistic relationship of the neighboring countries has brought many influences into the Philippines. Barter trade being one of the many, such as theIslamic religion, the sp ices in meals and the use of silk in clothing to name a few, have been significant markers to the development of the Filipino Culture. Even as the Philippines has been colonized multiple times by Spain, Japan and the United States, it still is a known fact that the Islamic culture has made quite an indention on the culture that is of the Filipino. Reference: http://pH. News. Yahoo. Com/Islamic-culture-barter-bind-Filipinos- Malaysian-134516022. HTML dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-27312233303623341432020-01-07T01:28:00.001-08:002020-01-07T01:28:03.857-08:00Hypocrisy In Canterbury Tales Essay - 807 Words The power and marginalization of literature in past societies diminished the power of the people, because men had to follow a role placed by the town, and women had to be submissive. In the literature works of Canterbury Tales, Lysistrata and Vindication, we view the negativity of the townspeople because of hypocrisy of the highest power. In Canterbury Tales there is hypocrisy in the church due to the pardoner, in Lysistrata, women are not granted rights, and in Vindication, women were not allowed to education. In Canterbury Tales, the pardoner vouches for the pardoning of those who come to the church to confess their sins. Specifically in the Pardonerââ¬â¢s Tale, we see how he preaches to the church to repent for their greedy sin. Thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It was seen as irrational to the men that women withheld sex, that their own wives abandon their vice to be heard in a society where there was not a part in democracy for women. Moreover, this situation depicts how ser ious the women were about having a voice in their government, because a three-decade long war was excessive. Luckily, Lysistrata did not back down from the men and was determined to find a voice amongst the men, in that society, a woman did not belong in the government, because a woman is a housewife and a sex tool. (ADD MORE) In the excerpt of Vindication, Mary Wollstonecraft unleashes all her anguish of women conforming to weakness. ââ¬Å"Women, deluded by these sentiments, sometimes boast of their weakness, cunningly obtaining power by playing on the weakness of men, and they may well glory in their illicit sway,â⬠(pg.40). She parodies how women believe they are weak, and run to their male companion for comfort, because in that society, women were stuck in this gender role of being stay-at-home mothers. In reality, that society did not believe in a woman having an education, going beyond the regular grade school was unheard of. Nonetheless, Wollstonecraft found her strengt h in her education because it expanded the opportunities to grow financially alongside her family. She strives for woman to educate themselves, because it she did not know anotherShow MoreRelatedCriticism of the Church in the Canterbury Tales1576 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, was written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2011). It is considered to be the best work of literature in English in the Middle Ages (Johnston, 1998). Chaucer uses literary devices as no one had ever done. In addition, he chose to use English instead of Latin. This masterpiece is structured in a similar way as Bocaccios Decameron. The tales are organized within a frame narrative (EncyclopaediaRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Prologue And Tale1338 Words à |à 6 Pagesmedieval stories. Out of all the notable medieval authors, only Geoffrey Chaucer penned one of the great stories on the plight of being a woman as retold in The Canterbury Tales. ââ¬Å"The Wife of Bathââ¬â¢s Prologue and Taleâ⬠points out the fallacy of medieval churches view on women being the lesser gender. ââ¬Å"The Wife of Bathââ¬â¢s Prologue and Taleâ⬠follows a woman, the Wife of Bath, who tries to defend the experiences she has had in her life against the judgements of men. The Wife revealed the prejudice againstRead More The Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Essay5609 Words à |à 23 PagesThe Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Chaucerââ¬â¢s innovation in the Pardonerââ¬â¢s performance tests our concept of dramatic irony by suggesting information regarding the Pardonerââ¬â¢s sexuality, gender identity, and spirituality, major categories in the politics of identity, without confirming that information. Our presumed understanding of the Pardoner as a character lacks substantiation. As we learn about the Pardoner through the narratorââ¬â¢s eyes and ears, we look to fit the nobleRead MoreCanterbury Tales and Religion2386 Words à |à 10 PagesGilbert Ruiz Great Texts Dr. Coleman Fannin Essay 3 Satirizing the Greed of the Holy Church ââ¬Å"The Canterbury Talesâ⬠was written during a time of religious unrest. Corruption and greed infiltrated the Church beyond the point of correction. Chaucer would have been well aware of these issues growing up as a diplomat in fourteenth century England. His familiarity of the systems and interactions between high-ranking officials in the court and the church make him a reputable source of criticismRead MoreChaucer And The Roman Catholic Church1994 Words à |à 8 Pageslight is The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer. Though the story itself is comprised of many smaller ones, it still shows a slight rebellion against the Roman Catholic Church, even if it had only a small impact on others. The entire book told a story about a group of travelers on a pilgrimage meeting at a tavern, and challenging each other to a story contest. Each small story told dealt with something about the Church, even if it was in a small way. A few examples come from The Wife of Bath s Tale, and The dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-46349599431576619472019-12-29T21:52:00.001-08:002019-12-29T21:52:03.452-08:00Thanksgiving for ESL Students History and Quizdinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-66593655273092963352019-12-21T17:40:00.001-08:002019-12-21T17:40:04.086-08:00Reflective Journal Sample - 1190 Words Minh Nguyen Journal 4 ELC 689 February, 8th 2010 What I have learned for the first four weeks of the course has prompted me to initiate new policies in testing administration together with training workshops for teachers in my division. The aims are to work toward better quality test practice: using tests for reflection on studentsââ¬â¢ progress rather than failing or passing students and improving the present test giving practice in weak areas such as validity, reliability, wash back. My reflection on the three testing models is that we should move from the model with mid-term plus final assessment to the model where the assessment process is parallel to the teaching/learning process through the course. To achieve this aim newâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦For example, assessments should be meaningful tasks, related to personal objectives and contextualized. To secure more reliability, marking criteria, especially for writing and speaking, should be double-checked by experienced test developers and administration procedures between classes need to be better standardized (Coombe, Folse Hubley, 2007). Discussion as well as moderation should precede the marking sessions for productive skills. Listening sections which involve language production such as dictation and re-production should call for discussion and moderation too. Additionally, validity is the area that needs more attention especially in listening and reading, where it is more difficult to specify stud entsââ¬â¢ characteristics and come up with the right specifications. For writing, topics and contexts should be given more work as they are easily affected by cultural bias. It would further help if procedures in developing tests were elaborated with clear instructions about each stage, e.g. specifications must be consulted before the test development process (Coombe, Folse Hubley, 2007). Other problems in the present test making practice as revealed in my test critique such as inadequate care given to the issues of background knowledge, skill contamination, backwash (Coombe, Folse Hubley, 2007) should be all given due care. The suggested policies and training will definitely benefit the students. AsShow MoreRelatedNokia 808 Pureview1358 Words à |à 6 PagesOR detailed description of the project assigned. 12. Reflective Journal Entries (word limit: min. 2550 words) a. In reflective journal writing, student will reflect on all activities during each day of internship in that organization and then will enter in reflective journal on daily basis. b. Entry for a single day should be very comprehensive and should include all important happenings of that particular day. A comprehensive journal not only includes information on assignments and tasksRead MoreThe Concept Of Offender Profiling1503 Words à |à 7 Pagesconvicted cases of murder relating to one offender and one victim. This led to the generation of a final sample with 312 cases with offences dates ranging from 1998 to 2006. From a pragmatic psychology approach, the sample was feasible because of the ability to integrate a reasonable size for the meaningful, as well as effective analysis to generate generalizable findings. Furthermore, the sample was practical because of incorporation of refined and focused variables from a behavioral perspectiveRead MoreSample Action Research Report Evaluation11224 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿ Sample Action Research Report Evaluation Fretarsha Muse Dr. Kathy Hoover EDU 671: Fundamental of Educational Research March 31, 2014 Sample Action Research Report Evaluation Area of focus The area of focus is integrating technology into middle school curriculum to influence the studentsââ¬â¢ enthusiasm for learning science (Hollis, 1995). This area of focus does involve teaching and learning because technology is being incorporated with teaching the students and the studentsRead MoreEssay on Nursing Research Article Critique 990 Words à |à 4 Pagesshould also be reflective if duplicated on other samples (Polit Beck, 2006). Thus, the statistical power, internal and external validity are important to observe and note (Polit Beck). 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However, the actual quality of these discussions has become a major dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-33009899604992101582019-12-13T14:11:00.001-08:002019-12-13T14:11:03.756-08:00The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-One Free Essays string(76) " since leaving Jordan College, and it brought a choking gasp to her throat\." Chapter Twenty-One Lord Asrielââ¬â¢s Welcome Lyra rode a strong young bear, and Roger rode another, while lorek paced tirelessly ahead and a squad armed with a fire hurler followed guarding the rear. The way was long and hard. The interior of Svalbard was mountainous, with jumbled peaks and sharp ridges deeply cut by ravines and steep-sided valleys, and the cold was intense. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-One or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lyra thought back to the smooth-running sledges of the gyp-tians on the way to Bolvangar; how swift and comfortable that progress now seemed to have been! The air here was more penetratingly chill than any she had experienced before; or it might have been that the bear she was riding wasnââ¬â¢t as lightfooted as lorek; or it might have been that she was tired to her very soul. At all events, it was desperately hard going. She knew little of where they were bound, or how far it was. All she knew was what the older bear S0ren Eisarson had told her while they were preparing the fire hurler. He had been involved in negotiating with Lord Asriel about the terms of his imprisonment, and he remembered it well. At first, heââ¬â¢d said, the Svalbard bears regarded Lord Asriel as being no different from any of the other politicians, kings, or troublemakers who had been exiled to their bleak island. The prisoners were important, or they would have been killed outright by their own people; they might be valuable to the bears one day, if their political fortunes changed and they returned to rule in their own countries; so it might pay the bears not to treat them with cruelty or disrespect. So Lord Asriel had found conditions on Svalbard no better and no worse than hundreds of other exiles had done. But certain things had made his jailers more wary of him than of other prisoners theyââ¬â¢d had. There was the air of mystery and spiritual peril surrounding anything that had to do with Dust; there was the clear panic on the part of those whoââ¬â¢d brought him there; and there were Mrs. Coulterââ¬â¢s private communications with lofur Raknison. Besides, the bears had never met anything quite like Lord Asrielââ¬â¢s own haughty and imperious nature. He dominated even lofur Raknison, arguing forcefully and eloquently, and persuaded the bear-king to let him choose his own dwelling place. The first one he was allotted was too low down, he said. He needed a high spot, above the smoke and stir of the fire mines and the smithies. He gave the bears a design of the accommodation he wanted, and told them where it should be; and he bribed them with gold, and he flattered and bullied lofur Raknison, and with a bemused willingness the bears set to work. Before long a house had arisen on a headland facing north: a wide and solid place with fireplaces that burned great blocks of coal mined and hauled by bears, and with large windows of real glass. There he dwelt, a prisoner acting like a king. And then he set about assembling the materials for a laboratory. With furious concentration he sent for books, instruments, chemicals, all manner of tools and equipment. And somehow it had come, from this source or that; some openly, some smuggled in by the visitors he insisted he was entitled to have. By land, sea, and air, Lord Asriel assembled his materials, and within six months of his committal, he had all the equipment he wanted. And so he worked, thinking and planning and calculating, waiting for the one thing he needed to complete the task that so terrified the Oblation Board. It was drawing closer every minute. Lyraââ¬â¢s first glimpse of her fatherââ¬â¢s prison came when lorek Byrnison stopped at the foot of a ridge for the children to move and stretch themselves, because they had been getting dangerously cold and stiff. ââ¬Å"Look up there,â⬠he said. A wide broken slope of tumbled rocks and ice, where a track had been laboriously cleared, led up to a crag outlined against the sky. There was no Aurora, but the stars were brilliant. The crag stood black and gaunt, but at its summit was a spacious building from which light spilled lavishly in all directions: not the smoky inconstant gleam of blubber lamps, nor the harsh white of anbaric spotlights, but the warm creamy glow of naphtha. The windows from which the light emerged also showed Lord Asrielââ¬â¢s formidable power. Glass was expensive, and large sheets of it were prodigal of heat in these fierce latitudes; so to see them here was evidence of wealth and influence far greater than lofur Raknisonââ¬â¢s vulgar palace. Lyra and Roger mounted their bears for the last time, and lorek led the way up the slope toward the house. There was a courtyard that lay deep under snow, surrounded by a low wall, and as lorek pushed open the gate they heard a bell ring somewhere in the building. Lyra got down. She could hardly stand. She helped Roger down too, and, supporting each other, the children stumbled through the thigh-deep snow toward the steps up to the door. Oh, the warmth there would be inside that house! Oh, the peaceful rest! She reached for the handle of the bell, but before she could reach it, the door opened. There was a small dimly lit vestibule to keep the warm air in, and standing under the lamp was a figure she recognized: Lord Asrielââ¬â¢s manservant Thorold, with his pinscher daemon Anfang. Lyra wearily pushed back her hood. ââ¬Å"Whoâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Thorold began, and then saw who it was, and went on: ââ¬Å"Not Lyra? Little Lyra? Am I dreaming?â⬠He reached behind him to open the inner door. A hall, with a coal fire blazing in a stone grate; warm naphtha light glowing on carpets, leather chairs, polished woodâ⬠¦ It was like nothing Lyra had seen since leaving Jordan College, and it brought a choking gasp to her throat. You read "The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-One" in category "Essay examples" Lord Asrielââ¬â¢s snow-leopard daemon growled. Lyraââ¬â¢s father stood there, his powerful dark-eyed face at first fierce, triumphant, and eager; and then the color faded from it; his eyes widened, in horror, as he recognized his daughter. ââ¬Å"No! No!â⬠He staggered back and clutched at the mantelpiece. Lyra couldnââ¬â¢t move. ââ¬Å"Get out!â⬠Lord Asriel cried. ââ¬Å"Turn around, get out, go! I did not send for you!â⬠She couldnââ¬â¢t speak. She opened her mouth twice, three times, and then managed to say: ââ¬Å"No, no, I came because ââ¬â ââ¬Å" He seemed appalled; he kept shaking his head, he held up his hands as if to ward her off; she couldnââ¬â¢t believe his distress. She moved a step closer to reassure him, and Roger came to stand with her, anxious. Their daemons fluttered out into the warmth, and after a moment Lord Asriel passed a hand across his brow and recovered slightly. The color began to return to his cheeks as he looked down at the two. ââ¬Å"Lyra,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"That is Lyra?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes, Uncle Asriel,â⬠she said, thinking that this wasnââ¬â¢t the time to go into their true relationship. ââ¬Å"I came to bring you the alethiometer from the Master of Jordan.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes, of course you did,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Who is this?â⬠ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s Roger Parslow,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Heââ¬â¢s the kitchen boy from Jordan College. But ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"How did you get here?â⬠ââ¬Å"I was just going to say, thereââ¬â¢s lorek Byrnison outside, heââ¬â¢s brought us here. He came with me all the way from Trollesund, and we tricked lofur ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Whoââ¬â¢s lorek Byrnison?â⬠ââ¬Å"An armored bear. He brought us here.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thorold,â⬠he called, ââ¬Å"run a hot bath for these children, and prepare them some food. Then they will need to sleep. Their clothes are filthy; find them something to wear. Do it now, while I talk to this bear.â⬠Lyra felt her head swim. Perhaps it was the heat, or perhaps it was relief. She watched the servant bow and leave the hall, and Lord Asriel go into the vestibule and close the door behind, and then she half-fell into the nearest chair. Only a moment later, it seemed, Thorold was speaking to her. ââ¬Å"Follow me, miss,â⬠he was saying, and she hauled herself up and went with Roger to a warm bathroom, where soft towels hung on a heated rail, and where a tub of water steamed in the naphtha light. ââ¬Å"You go first,â⬠said Lyra. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll sit outside and weââ¬â¢ll talk.â⬠So Roger, wincing and gasping at the heat, got in and washed. They had swum naked together often enough, frolicking in the Isis or the Cherwell with other children, but this was different. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m afraid of your uncle,â⬠said Roger through the open door. ââ¬Å"I mean your father.â⬠ââ¬Å"Better keep calling him my uncle. Iââ¬â¢m afraid of him too, sometimes.â⬠ââ¬Å"When we first come in, he never saw me at all. He only saw you. And he was horrified, till he saw me. Then he calmed down all at once.â⬠ââ¬Å"He was just shocked,â⬠said Lyra. ââ¬Å"Anyone would be, to see someone they didnââ¬â¢t expect. He last saw me after that time in the Retiring Room. Itââ¬â¢s bound to be a shock.â⬠ââ¬Å"No,â⬠said Roger, ââ¬Å"itââ¬â¢s more than that. He was looking at me like a wolf, or summing.â⬠ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re imagining it.â⬠ââ¬Å"I enââ¬â¢t. Iââ¬â¢m more scared of him than I was of Mrs. Coulter, and thatââ¬â¢s the truth.â⬠He splashed himself. Lyra took out the alethiometer. ââ¬Å"Dââ¬â¢you want me to ask the symbol reader about it?â⬠Lyra said. ââ¬Å"Well, I dunno. Thereââ¬â¢s things Iââ¬â¢d rather not know. Seems to me everything I heard of since the Gobblers come to Oxford, everythingââ¬â¢s been bad. There enââ¬â¢t been nothing good more than about five minutes ahead. Like I can see now, this bathââ¬â¢s nice, and thereââ¬â¢s a nice warm towel there, about five minutes away. And once Iââ¬â¢m dry, maybe Iââ¬â¢ll think of summing nice to eat, but no further ahead than that. And when Iââ¬â¢ve eaten, maybe Iââ¬â¢ll look forward to a kip in a comfortable bed. But after that, I dunno, Lyra. Thereââ¬â¢s been terrible things we seen, enââ¬â¢t there? And more a coming, moreââ¬â¢n likely. So I think Iââ¬â¢d rather not know whatââ¬â¢s in the future. Iââ¬â¢ll stick to the present.â⬠ââ¬Å"Yeah,â⬠said Lyra wearily. ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s times I feel like that too.â⬠So although she held the alethiometer in her hands for a little longer, it was only for comfort; she didnââ¬â¢t turn the wheels, and the swinging of the needle passed her by. Pantalaimon watched it in silence. After theyââ¬â¢d both washed, and eaten some bread and cheese and drunk some wine and hot water, the servant Thorold said, ââ¬Å"The boy is to go to bed. Iââ¬â¢ll show him where to go. His Lordship asks if youââ¬â¢d join him in the library, Miss Lyra.â⬠Lyra found Lord Asriel in a room whose wide windows overlooked the frozen sea far below. There was a coal fire under a wide chimneypiece, and a naphtha lamp turned down low, so there was little in the way of distracting reflections between the occupants of the room and the bleak starlit panorama outside. Lord Asriel, reclining in a large armchair on one side of the fire, beckoned her to come and sit in the other chair facing him. ââ¬Å"Your friend lorek Byrnison is resting outside,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"He prefers the cold.â⬠ââ¬Å"Did he tell you about his fight with lofur Raknison?â⬠ââ¬Å"Not in detail. But I understand that he is now the king of Svalbard. Is that true?â⬠ââ¬Å"Of course itââ¬â¢s true. lorek never lies.â⬠ââ¬Å"He seems to have appointed himself your guardian.â⬠ââ¬Å"No. John Faa told him to look after me, and heââ¬â¢s doing it because of that. Heââ¬â¢s following John Faaââ¬â¢s orders.â⬠ââ¬Å"How does John Faa come into this?â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll tell you if you tell me something,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re my father, enââ¬â¢t you?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes. So what?â⬠ââ¬Å"So you should have told me before, thatââ¬â¢s what. You shouldnââ¬â¢t hide things like that from people, because they feel stupid when they find out, and thatââ¬â¢s cruel. What difference would it make if I knew I was your daughter? You could have said it years ago. You couldââ¬â¢ve told me and asked me to keep it secret, and I would, no matter how young I was, Iââ¬â¢d have done that if you asked me. Iââ¬â¢d have been so proud nothing wouldââ¬â¢ve torn it out of me, if you asked me to keep it secret. But you never. You let other people know, but you never told me.â⬠ââ¬Å"Who did tell you?â⬠ââ¬Å"John Faa.â⬠ââ¬Å"Did he tell you about your mother?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes.â⬠ââ¬Å"Then thereââ¬â¢s not much left for me to tell. I donââ¬â¢t think I want to be interrogated and condemned by an insolent child. I want to hear what youââ¬â¢ve seen and done on the way here.â⬠ââ¬Å"I brought you the bloody alethiometer, didnââ¬â¢t I?â⬠Lyra burst out. She was very near to tears. ââ¬Å"I looked after it all the way from Jordan, I hid it and I treasured it, all through whatââ¬â¢s happened to us, and I learned about using it, and I carried it all this bloody way when I couldââ¬â¢ve just given up and been safe, and you enââ¬â¢t even said thank you, nor showed any sign that youââ¬â¢re glad to see me. I donââ¬â¢t know why I ever done it. But I did, and I kept on going, even in lofur Raknisonââ¬â¢s stinking palace with all them bears around me I kept on going, all on me own, and I tricked him into fighting with lorek soââ¬â¢s I could come on here for your sakeâ⬠¦.And when you did see me, you like to fainted, as if I was some horrible thing you never wanted to see again. You enââ¬â¢t human, Lord Asriel. You enââ¬â¢t my father. My father wouldnââ¬â¢t treat me like that. Fathers are supposed to love their daughters, enâ⠬â¢t they? You donââ¬â¢t love me, and I donââ¬â¢t love you, and thatââ¬â¢s a fact. I love Farder Coram, and I love lorek Byrnison; I love an armored bear moreââ¬â¢n I love my father. And I bet lorek Byrnison loves me moreââ¬â¢n you do.â⬠ââ¬Å"You told me yourself heââ¬â¢s only following John Faaââ¬â¢s orders. If youââ¬â¢re going to be sentimental, I shanââ¬â¢t waste time talking to you.â⬠ââ¬Å"Take your bloody alethiometer, then, and Iââ¬â¢m going back with lorek.â⬠ââ¬Å"Where?â⬠ââ¬Å"Back to the palace. He can fight with Mrs. Coulter and the Oblation Board, when they turn up. If he loses, then Iââ¬â¢ll die too, I donââ¬â¢t care. If he wins, weââ¬â¢ll send for Lee Scoresby and Iââ¬â¢ll sail away in his balloon and ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Whoââ¬â¢s Lee Scoresby?â⬠ââ¬Å"An aeronaut. He brought us here and then we crashed. Here you are, hereââ¬â¢s the alethiometer. Itââ¬â¢s all in good order.â⬠He made no move to take it, and she laid it on the brass fender around the hearth. ââ¬Å"And I suppose I ought to tell you that Mrs. Coulterââ¬â¢s on her way to Svalbard, and as soon as she hears whatââ¬â¢s happened to lofur Raknison, sheââ¬â¢ll be on her way here. In a zeppelin, with a whole lot of soldiers, and theyââ¬â¢re going to kill us all, by order of the Magisterium.â⬠ââ¬Å"Theyââ¬â¢ll never reach us,â⬠he said calmly. He was so quiet and relaxed that some of her ferocity dwindled. ââ¬Å"You donââ¬â¢t know,â⬠she said uncertainly. ââ¬Å"Yes I do.â⬠ââ¬Å"Have you got another alethiometer, then?â⬠ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t need an alethiometer for that. Now I want to hear about your journey here, Lyra. Start from the beginning. Tell me everything.â⬠So she did. She began with her hiding in the Retiring Room, and went on to the Gobblersââ¬â¢ taking Roger, and her time with Mrs. Coulter, and everything else that had happened. It was a long tale, and when she finished it she said, ââ¬Å"So thereââ¬â¢s one thing I want to know, and I reckon Iââ¬â¢ve got the right to know it, like I had the right to know who I really was. And if you didnââ¬â¢t tell me that, youââ¬â¢ve got to tell me this, in recompense. So: whatââ¬â¢s Dust? And whyââ¬â¢s everyone so afraid of it?â⬠He looked at her as if trying to guess whether she would understand what he was about to say. He had never looked at her seriously before, she thought; until now he had always been like an adult indulging a child in a pretty trick. But he seemed to think she was ready. ââ¬Å"Dust is what makes the alethiometer work,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Ahâ⬠¦I thought it might! But what else? How did they find out about it?â⬠ââ¬Å"In one way, the Church has always been aware of it. Theyââ¬â¢ve been preaching about Dust for centuries, only they didnââ¬â¢t call it by that name. ââ¬Å"But some years ago a Muscovite called Boris Mikhailovitch Rusakov discovered a new kind of elementary particle. Youââ¬â¢ve heard of electrons, photons, neutrinos, and the rest? Theyââ¬â¢re called elementary particles because you canââ¬â¢t break them down any further: thereââ¬â¢s nothing inside them but themselves. Well, this new kind of particle was elementary all right, but it was very hard to measure because it didnââ¬â¢t react in any of the usual ways. The hardest thing for Rusakov to understand was why the new particle seemed to cluster where human beings were, as if it were attracted to us. And especially to adults. Children too, but not nearly so much until their daemons have taken a fixed form. During the years of puberty they begin to attract Dust more strongly, and it settles on them as it settles on adults. ââ¬Å"Now all discoveries of this sort, because they have a bearing on the doctrines of the Church, have to be announced through the Magisterium in Geneva. And this discovery of Rusakovââ¬â¢s was so unlikely and strange that the inspector from the Consistorial Court of Discipline suspected Rusakov of diabolic possession. He performed an exorcism in the laboratory, he interrogated Rusakov under the rules of the Inquisition, but finally they had to accept the fact that Rusakov wasnââ¬â¢t lying or deceiving them: Dust really existed. ââ¬Å"That left them with the problem of deciding what it was. And given the Churchââ¬â¢s nature, there was only one thing they could have chosen. The Magisterium decided that Dust was the physical evidence for original sin. Do you know what original sin is?â⬠She twisted her lips. It was like being back at Jordan, being quizzed on something sheââ¬â¢d been half-taught. ââ¬Å"Sort of,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"No, you donââ¬â¢t. Go to the shelf beside the desk and bring me the Bible.â⬠Lyra did so, and handed the big black book to her father. ââ¬Å"You do remember the story of Adam and Eve?â⬠ââ¬Ëâ⬠Course,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"She wasnââ¬â¢t supposed to eat the fruit and the serpent tempted her, and she did.â⬠ââ¬Å"And what happened then?â⬠ââ¬Å"Ummâ⬠¦They were thrown out. God threw them out of the garden.â⬠ââ¬Å"God had told them not to eat the fruit, because they would die. Remember, they were naked in the garden, they were like children, their daemons took on any form they desired. But this is what happened.â⬠He turned to Chapter Three of Genesis, and read: ââ¬Å"And the woman said unto the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden: ââ¬Å"But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. ââ¬Å"And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: ââ¬Å"For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and your daemons shall assume their true forms, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. ââ¬Å"And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to reveal the true form of oneââ¬â¢s daemon, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. ââ¬Å"And the eyes of them both were opened, and they saw the true form of their daemons, and spoke with them. ââ¬Å"But when the man and the woman knew their own daemons, they knew that a great change had come upon them, for until that moment it had seemed that they were at one with all the creatures of the earth and the air, and there was no difference between them: ââ¬Å"And they saw the difference, and they knew good and evil; and they were ashamed, and they sewed fig leaves together to cover their nakednessâ⬠¦.â⬠He closed the book. ââ¬Å"And that was how sin came into the world,â⬠he said, ââ¬Å"sin and shame and death. It came the moment their daemons became fixed.â⬠ââ¬Å"Butâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ Lyra struggled to find the words she wanted: ââ¬Å"but it enââ¬â¢t true, is it? Not true like chemistry or engineering, not that kind of true? There wasnââ¬â¢t really an Adam and Eve? The Cassington Scholar told me it was just a kind of fairy tale.â⬠ââ¬Å"The Cassington Scholarship is traditionally given to a freethinker; itââ¬â¢s his function to challenge the faith of the Scholars. Naturally heââ¬â¢d say that. But think of Adam and Eve like an imaginary number, like the square root of minus one: you can never see any concrete proof that it exists, but if you include it in your equations, you can calculate all manner of things that couldnââ¬â¢t be imagined without it. ââ¬Å"Anyway, itââ¬â¢s what the Church has taught for thousands of years. And when Rusakov discovered Dust, at last there was a physical proof that something happened when innocence changed into experience. ââ¬Å"Incidentally, the Bible gave us the name Dust as well. At first they were called Rusakov Particles, but soon someone pointed out a curious verse toward the end of the Third Chapter of Genesis, where Godââ¬â¢s cursing Adam for eating the fruit.â⬠He opened the Bible again and pointed it out to Lyra. She read: ââ¬Å"In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou returnâ⬠¦.â⬠Lord Asriel said, ââ¬Å"Church scholars have always puzzled over the translation of that verse. Some say it should read not ââ¬Ëunto dust shalt thou returnââ¬â¢ but ââ¬Ëthou shalt be subject to dust,ââ¬â¢ and others say the whole verse is a kind of pun on the words ââ¬Ëgroundââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëdust,ââ¬â¢ and it really means that Godââ¬â¢s admitting his own nature to be partly sinful. No one agrees. No one can, because the text is corrupt. But it was too good a word to waste, and thatââ¬â¢s why the particles became known as Dust.â⬠ââ¬Å"And what about the Gobblers?â⬠Lyra said. ââ¬Å"The General Oblation Boardâ⬠¦Your motherââ¬â¢s gang. Clever of her to spot the chance of setting up her own power base, but sheââ¬â¢s a clever woman, as I dare say youââ¬â¢ve noticed. It suits the Magisterium to allow all kinds of different agencies to flourish. They can play them off against one another; if one succeeds, they can pretend to have been supporting it all along, and if it fails, they can pretend it was a renegade outfit which had never been properly licensed. ââ¬Å"You see, your motherââ¬â¢s always been ambitious for power. At first she tried to get it in the normal way, through marriage, but that didnââ¬â¢t work, as I think youââ¬â¢ve heard. So she had to turn to the Church. Naturally she couldnââ¬â¢t take the route a man could have taken ââ¬â priesthood and so on ââ¬â it had to be unorthodox; she had to set up her own order, her own channels of influence, and work through that. It was a good move to specialize in Dust. Everyone was frightened of it; no one knew what to do; and when she offered to direct an investigation, the Magisterium was so relieved that they backed her with money and resources of all kinds.â⬠ââ¬Å"But they were cutting ââ¬â â⬠Lyra couldnââ¬â¢t bring herself to say it; the words choked in her mouth. ââ¬Å"You know what they were doing! Why did the Church let them do anything like that?â⬠ââ¬Å"There was a precedent. Something like it had happened before. Do you know what the word castration means? It means removing the sexual organs of a boy so that he never develops the characteristics of a man. A castrate keeps his high treble voice all his life, which is why the Church allowed it: so useful in Church music. Some castrati became great singers, wonderful artists. Many just became fat spoiled half-men. Some died from the effects of the operation. But the Church wouldnââ¬â¢t flinch at the idea of a little cut, you see. There was a precedent. And this would be so much more hygienic than the old methods, when they didnââ¬â¢t have anesthetics or sterile bandages or proper nursing care. It would be gentle by comparison.â⬠ââ¬Å"It isnââ¬â¢t!â⬠Lyra said fiercely. ââ¬Å"It isnââ¬â¢t!â⬠ââ¬Å"No. Of course not. Thatââ¬â¢s why they had to hide away in the far North, in darkness and obscurity. And why the Church was glad to have someone like your mother in charge. Who could doubt someone so charming, so well-connected, so sweet and reasonable? But because it was an obscure and unofficial kind of operation, she was someone the Magisterium could deny if they needed to, as well.â⬠ââ¬Å"But whose idea was it to do that cutting in the first place?â⬠ââ¬Å"It was hers. She guessed that the two things that happen at adolescence might be connected: the change in oneââ¬â¢s daemon and the fact that Dust began to settle. Perhaps if the daemon were separated from the body, we might never be subject to Dust ââ¬â to original sin. The question was whether it was possible to separate daemon and body without killing the person. But sheââ¬â¢s traveled in many places, and seen all kinds of things. Sheââ¬â¢s traveled in Africa, for instance.The Africans have a way of making a slave called a zombi. It has no will of its own; it will work day and night without ever running away or complaining. It looks like a corpseâ⬠¦.â⬠ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s a person without their daemon!â⬠ââ¬Å"Exactly. So she found out that it was possible to separate them.â⬠ââ¬Å"Andâ⬠¦Tony Costa told me about the horrible phantoms they have in the northern forests. I suppose they might be the same kind of thing.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s right. Anyway, the General Oblation Board grew out of ideas like that, and out of the Churchââ¬â¢s obsession with original sin.â⬠Lord Asrielââ¬â¢s daemon twitched her ears, and he laid his hand on her beautiful head. ââ¬Å"There was something else that happened when they made the cut,â⬠he went on. ââ¬Å"And they didnââ¬â¢t see it. The energy that links body and daemon is immensely powerful. When the cut is made, all that energy dissipates in a fraction of a second. They didnââ¬â¢t notice, because they mistook it for shock, or disgust, or moral outrage, and they trained themselves to feel numb towards it. So they missed what it could do, and they never thought of harnessing itâ⬠¦.â⬠Lyra couldnââ¬â¢t sit still. She got up and walked to the window, and stared over the wide bleak darkness with unseeing eyes. They were too cruel. No matter how important it was to find out about original sin, it was too cruel to do what theyââ¬â¢d done to Tony Makarios and all the others. Nothing justified that. ââ¬Å"And what were you doing?â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Did you do any of that cutting?â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m interested in something quite different. I donââ¬â¢t think the Oblation Board goes far enough. I want to go to the source of Dust itself.â⬠ââ¬Å"The source? Whereââ¬â¢s it come from, then?â⬠ââ¬Å"From the other universe we can see through the Aurora.â⬠Lyra turned around again. Her father was lying back in his chair, lazy and powerful, his eyes as fierce as his daemonââ¬â¢s. She didnââ¬â¢t love him, she couldnââ¬â¢t trust him, but she had to admire him, and the extravagant luxury heââ¬â¢d assembled in this desolate wasteland, and the power of his ambition. ââ¬Å"What is that other universe?â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"One of uncountable billions of parallel worlds. The witches have known about them for centuries, but the first theologians to prove their existence mathematically were excommunicated fifty or more years ago. However, itââ¬â¢s true; thereââ¬â¢s no possible way of denying it. ââ¬Å"But no one thought it would ever be possible to cross from one universe to another. That would violate fundamental laws, we thought. Well, we were wrong; we learned to see the world up there. If light can cross, so can we. And we had to learn to see it, Lyra, just as you learned to use the alethiometer. ââ¬Å"Now that world, and every other universe, came about as a result of possibility. Take the example of tossing a coin: it can come down heads or tails, and we donââ¬â¢t know before it lands which way itââ¬â¢s going to fall. If it comes down heads, that means that the possibility of its coming down tails has collapsed. Until that moment the two possibilities were equal. ââ¬Å"But on another world, it does come down tails. And when that happens, the two worlds split apart. Iââ¬â¢m using the example of tossing a coin to make it clearer. In fact, these possibility collapses happen at the level of elementary particles, but they happen in just the same way: one moment several things are possible, the next moment only one happens, and the rest donââ¬â¢t exist. Except that other worlds have sprung into being, on which they did happen. ââ¬Å"And Iââ¬â¢m going to that world beyond the Aurora,â⬠he said, ââ¬Å"because I think thatââ¬â¢s where all the Dust in this universe comes from. You saw those slides I showed the Scholars in the retiring room. You saw Dust pouring into this world from the Aurora. Youââ¬â¢ve seen that city yourself. If light can cross the barrier between the universes, if Dust can, if we can see that city, then we can build a bridge and cross. It needs a phenomenal burst of energy. But I can do it. Somewhere out there is the origin of all the Dust, all the death, the sin, the misery, the destructiveness in the world. Human beings canââ¬â¢t see anything without wanting to destroy it, Lyra. Thatââ¬â¢s original sin. And Iââ¬â¢m going to destroy it. Death is going to die.â⬠ââ¬Å"Is that why they put you here?â⬠ââ¬Å"Yes. They are terrified. And with good reason.â⬠He stood up, and so did his daemon, proud and beautiful and deadly. Lyra sat still. She was afraid of her father, and she admired him profoundly, and she thought he was stark mad; but who was she to judge? ââ¬Å"Go to bed,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"Thorold will show you where to sleep.â⬠He turned to go. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢ve left the alethiometer,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Ah, yes; I donââ¬â¢t actually need that now,â⬠he said. ââ¬Å"It would be no use to me without the books anyway. Dââ¬â¢you know, I think the Master of Jordan was giving it to you. Did he actually ask you to bring it to me?â⬠ââ¬Å"Well, yes!â⬠she said. But then she thought again, and realized that in fact the Master never had asked her to do that; she had assumed it all the time, because why else would he have given it to her? ââ¬Å"No,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know. I thought ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Well, I donââ¬â¢t want it. Itââ¬â¢s yours, Lyra.â⬠ââ¬Å"But ââ¬â ââ¬Å" ââ¬Å"Goodnight, child.â⬠Speechless, too bewildered by this to voice any of the dozen urgent questions that pressed at her mind, she sat by the fire and watched him leave the room. How to cite The Golden Compass Chapter Twenty-One, Essay examples dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-21685273597162100322019-12-05T10:31:00.001-08:002019-12-05T10:31:03.403-08:00Public Auditable Secure Cloud Data Storage -Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Public Auditable Secure Cloud Data Storage? Answer: Introduction Organizations are expanding in terms of departments and employees and are assigned with various work genres. Cloud based accounting information system that aids business organizations to meet organizational goals and needs. Small and large business organizations can benefit from the use of technological tool of cloud computing (Algari, 2017). Organizations can compete with their rivals by using modified business applications. Internet services assist the employees of business organizations to improve the productivity and trade value through cloud based AIS. The objective of the study is to understand the change of operation in business organizations in terms of adding cloud based accounting information systems (AIS). Overview of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is known for revolutionizing the IT industry and provides a model for enacting conducive, network access towards the common meld of services, storage, servers, networks, and applications to facilitate ease in management of data. It allows customers to omit human interaction by taking data from proper software as per ones convenience. Clients can connect to various platforms by using the dedicated software installed in their digital devices connected to internet and is benefitting cloud based accounting information systems (Dillon, Wu, Chang, 2010). Pool based computing resources are configurable and signified for better operation to serve varied customers by using customer demand pattern (Wang, Ren, Lou, Li, 2010). Customers can rapidly avail data that can be required over any given point of time. Multi-tenancy approach entails cloud infrastructure with differed parameters for each of the customers and provide assistance to the cloud based accounting information sys tems. Cloud service providers promote their mesh of customized applications to the end customers, who can try it by accessing the internet (Leimeister, Bohm, Riedl Krcmar, 2010). Cloud infrastructure is complicated to understand from the viewpoint of a customer, as it is operated by optimizing diversified data. Client can attempt to develop their applications over the online platform to edit and modify it by allowing in-progress verifications. Clients have the facility to use IT infrastructure services with a personalized virtual machine that is different from multi tenancy process. This is due to the fact that it focuses on virtualization of distinguished infrastructure as a service cloud. MYOB is one of the accessible cloud based accounting information systems website, which offers various technology tools for its customers. MYOB has account edge, which is made for Macbook allowing clients to address tax obligations, meet BAS, GST reporting and accounts reconciliation. Client can check business indicators to ascertain the benefits and losses of the organization along with customize quotes, purchase orders and invoices through apple devices, timesheet management, payroll tax determination according to the state, leave super, and PAYG operation (MYOB Technology Pty Ltd., 2017). MYOB invest s large amount annually in research and development and secures all the data related to bank transactions. In addition, it also provides accountant-employee relation, updated ATO rules and online payments by paydirect online. SAASU is another example of Australian based accounting information systems, which helps customers with auto-invoicing, online payments, inventory management, live dashboard, auto bank feeds, cashflow forecast, well managed multicurrency, auto payroll and integration with add-ons (Saasu Pty Ltd., 2017). Challenges and Benefits Real-time account reporting is beneficial for the clients as compared to the conventional style of financial accounting, budget making, controllable and uncontrollable event periodic reporting (Bushman, Chen, Engel Smith, 2004). Modern scenario of financial reporting is based on the competitions that are faced by the companies due to advanced supply and demand ratio. It is necessary for companies to adopt cloud based AIS to pace up against the competing firms and address the problems quickly based on the market needs. Real-time accounting comprises enterprise architecture, application integration, business operation management and business intelligence through cloud based accounting information systems, which can be enacted through internet based gadgets. In recent times, the real-time approach narrates to the fastest link between computerized systems and input data. Managers can easily trigger the changes and find solution associated with corporate performance to spot the key dimen sion of investment opportunities to choose the better direction. Organizations can deduct the operating costs of capital expenditure of IT functions with the help of using cloud based accounting tools. Additionally, it is easy to be based on cloud infrastructure, as it is beneficial in comparison with other machines and software (Garrison, Kim Wakefield, 2012). It saves extra costs of the company by reducing the employment of IT professionals, who have significant expertise in accounting. Cloud based accounting information systems benefits organizations, as it helps in controlling the IT infrastructure by enhancing or reducing the parameters. Companies can easily teach using the technique of cloud based AIS within minimum time frame (Gupta, Seetharama Raj, 2013). This feature allows the organizational employees and clients opportunity to avail the cloud based AIS system from anywhere. Cloud based accounting information systems saves the strenuous work towards registering accounting information manually. It further allows organizational employees to focus on the other critical issues of the company. Cloud services require good speed internet connection to avail the data anywhere making it securer for unauthorized access. This helps the organizations to rely on the cloud database for any emergency situation of hard-disk failure, which result s in the overall degradation and loss of valuable data (Vishwanath Nagappan, 2010). Clients can manage their company data through reliable web based AIS, which dismisses the idea saving the data in portable hard-drives or thumb drive. It is easy to access all the financial data and recover companys important information even after facing issues. Cloud based AIS gives benefit by allowing protection to the office data, which has faced malware or spam issues. Companies can take support in any emergency situation, as the cloud based AIS provides services throughout the year. Supply chain is an integral part of the company that has direct link with the accounting system and facilitates the client to share important data with supply chain partners. Clients can share financial accounting data to the other business partners as well. Cloud based AIS has totally omitted the offshore activities that need physical presence of IT professional and auditors to partner countries (Takabi Joshi, 2017). Clients can easily track financial growth of globally spread international companies. Modern day online activities are burdened with cyber criminal and cloud based AIS assures that the there will be no manipulation or loss of financial data. Cloud based AIS strictly avoid the use of company financial data for any commercial purposes and provide better security in the long run. Challenges are noteworthy in the evolving pattern of cloud computing AIS including privacy and security issues. There are risks of misusing the financial data of the organization, as a single technical mistake can abuse it (Takabi Joshi, 2017). Security and privacy can be on continuous risk, if organization and cloud service providers are not able to maintain authenticity at their sharing levels. Software as a service enable providers a set of differed functionalities for different companies and their security system has varied implications of enforcement services. Thus, varieties of integrated features suppor ts customer extensibility and acts as a challenge for cloud based AIS platforms. Customers can run, build and protect their applications but providers can isolate the workspaces and applications, which acts as a barrier to the service. Infrastructure, as a service provides authority to the client to secure their content, applications and systems, but it lacks the basic protection capabilities. Multi-tenancy can raise issues for the clients, as it shares customer data even after using it in a secured manner. Recommendation Clients can strictly report violation and abuse of their financial data in the case of any mistrust, which help them to omit the challenges of the cloud based AIS. Homogeneity in resource virtualization should be avoided in case of building cloud services for different clients. The global operation of cloud based AIS asserts varied responses in case of compliance issues with multiple jurisdictions. It needs to be mandatorily monitored by the organization. Privacy and security of multi domain framework of cloud computing is based on policy improvements as per the organizational needs. Client identification and password authentication can be improved to shield sensitive financial information. Cloud based AIS should take an account of its dynamic collaboration during interoperation process, as it leads to security breaches. Cloud service providers need to pay heed to trust based framework creation for better financial operation of the business entities. Privacy is the key concern for bu siness organizations and client should have the authority access information for audit, traceback and access control. Risk analysis, service attestation, penetration testing and previous life-cycle models are the prime components to reassess for the business organizations satisfaction. Cloud based accounting information systems need to strengthen the cyberinsurance industry, though it is one of the complicated prospect due to the global attributes. Strict usage policy norms and cryptographic approaches are necessary to defend the financial data of business organizations. Privacy and security management teams of cloud computing AIS should act more responsible to assess the success factors its adoption. There are certain aspects of accepting the growth factors for advanced form of accounting standards. Thus, organizations experience substantial improvement in performing tasks, business operations, productivity and business expansion (Oliviera, Thomas Espadanal, 2014). Country specific limitations and future possibilities can vary from the others, but business organizations need to comprehend the information processing capability and its requirements. Conclusion The research objective of the study is to understand the deep changes in accounting standards of business organizations due to the addition of cloud b AIS. Primitive ways of financial accounting is changing with the change of market demand and promotional factors to achieve business goals and governance. Nowadays, business organizations have to compete constantly with other organizations, which have made it necessary to track the productivity on a daily basis to improve the efficiency. It is easy to keep track of tax, payroll, and growth, stock, and other financial reports through a cloud based platform from any gadgets, which has internet connection. References Algari, A 2017, The Impact of cloud based information systems on organization's performance, Journal of Computer Engineering, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 42-46 Bushman, R, Chen, Qi, Engel, E, Smith, A 2004, Financial accounting information, organizational complexity and corporate governance systems. Journal of Accounting and Economics, vol. 37, pp. 167-201. Dillion, T, Wu, Chen Chang, E 2010, Cloud computing: Issues and challenges, IEEE Computer Society, viewed 26 January 2017, https://sistemas-humano-computacionais.wdfiles.com/local--files/capitulo%3Asistemas-de-servico/Dillon2010.pdf Garrison, G, Kim, S. Wakefield, R, L 2012. Success factors for deploying cloud computing, Communications of the ACM, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 62-68. Gupta, P, Seetharama, A Raj, J, R 2013, The usage and adoption of cloud computing by small and medium businesses, International Journal of Information Management, vol. 33, pp. 861-874. Leimeister, S Bohm, M, Riedl, C Krcmar, H 2010, The business perspective of cloud computing: actors, roles and value networks, ECIS 2010 Proceedings, pp. 1-12. MYOB Technology Pty Ltd., 2017, AccountEdge, MYOB, viewed 26 January 2017, https://www.myob.com/au/accounting-software/accountedge Oliviera, T, Thomas, M Espadanal, M 2014 Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors, Information Management, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 497-510. Saasu Pty Ltd., 2017, $125 Billion+ transactions by 80,000 users since 2000, SAASU, viewed 26 September 2017, https://www.saasu.com/ Takabi, H Joshi, J, B, D 2017, Security and privacy challenges in cloud computing environments,IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, pp. 24-31. Vishwanath, K.V. Nagappan, N 2010, Characterizing cloud computing hardware reliability, In Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing, pp. 193-204. Wang, C, Ren, K, Lou, W Li, J 2010, Toward publicly auditable secure cloud data storage services, IEEE Network, pp. 19-24. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-70168962269098782972019-11-28T13:55:00.001-08:002019-11-28T13:55:05.600-08:00Life After High School Essay Sample free essay sample My future calling pick is going a fireman. I ever wanted to be a fireman since I was five. when I went with my ma to her firefighter preparation category. Watching my ma do these different obstructions showed me. if my ma can make it so can I. To watch the remainder of the staff go through obstruction after obstruction was non merely entertaining and informing. but it taught me how teamwork and communicating is really of import. Firemans put out fires and aid salvage civilians in life endangering state of affairs. Fire Fighters work in 24 hr displacements. or 56 hours a hebdomad. Fire combatants normally are normally inside the fire house unless there is an exigency. Bing a fireman requires a batch of physical activities. from: working in confined infinites. utilizing power tools. or even raising or transporting victims. All firemans understand that they are at great hazard of hurt or even decease every minute they are on the occupation. We will write a custom essay sample on Life After High School Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page but most firemans are non concerned because there is a occupation at manus ( salvaging someoneââ¬â¢s life ) . Firemans need an air battalion. asphyxiator. ladder. axe. baseball mitts. water faucet. helmet. Jaws of Life. proctors. pump. fume ousters. rope. torch. take a breathing setup. proverb. boots. oculus protection. and fire immune suits on an mundane footing. Bing a fireman you are closely supervised because the occupation has no room for deficiency of timing or any room for mistake. The slightest 2nd off or the incorrect tool or even traveling in the incorrect way can be person at that place life. In order to be a fireman you must hold a high school sheepskin. base on balls all physical and mental preparation. go through the E. M. T. enfranchisement. Firemans receive most of their preparation on the occupation. or at specialised fireman preparation centre. The typical length of preparation is normally between 3 to 4 months or even a twelvemonth. The occupation mentality of being a fireman is really good because every territory. metropolis. county. town. and province demands firemans. There is a 17 % addition of firefighterââ¬â¢s businesss because of the high demand of the occupation. By 2018 the projected population of firemans is 367. 900- 427. 600 and steadily lifting. To progress firemans must go through civil service trials and recommended bysupervisors. Firemans are normally paid $ 18. 43 per hr to $ 29. 21 per hr ; it all depends on your rank and educational background. The one-year wage of an Engineer is $ 48. 307 ââ¬â $ 62. 265. Fire Lieutenant $ 50. 464 ââ¬â $ 60. 772. Fire Captain $ 60. 605 ââ¬â $ 72. 716. Assistant Fire Chief $ 65. 691 ââ¬â $ 83. 748. Battalion Chief $ 66. 851 ââ¬â $ 81. 710. Deputy Chief $ 69. 166 ââ¬â $ 88. 571. and a Fire Chief makes $ 78. 672 ââ¬â $ 104. 780. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-87481370721613203632019-11-24T21:29:00.001-08:002019-11-24T21:29:04.818-08:00Are Computers an Essential Feature of Modern Education Essay ExampleAre Computers an Essential Feature of Modern Education Essay Example Are Computers an Essential Feature of Modern Education Essay Are Computers an Essential Feature of Modern Education Essay Essay Topic: Education With the dawn of the computer era, all aspects of the society have become influenced by technology, including education. A large number of students use computers to work on. Even though it makes our work easier, it can turn out to be a huge distraction due to things like games, social networking sites, watching movies, etc. For example, in my school, students from grade 6 have their own laptops and during the breaks or even after school on the train platforms you will find them playing games on their laptops. I think computers are not really essential for modern education. What is important, is that we know our basics. If we have a strong foundation, we could be better off in the future. Even though jobs today are largely dependent on technology, we can learn how to use computers later on in life or alongside any other work. There are various subjects that can be taught using technology such as computer graphics, programming like C++ and Visual Basic, history (by showing videos), etc. For drama, computers can be used as well to show videos of famous actors in the past. Subjects such as chemistry, biology, art and music are better taught without a computer because these are practical subjects. In conclusion, computers could be used in education but it should be kept to a minimum. If a child gets addicted to computers from a young age, their basics in subjects like maths, for example might not be strong due to the use of calculators. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-84902513156632902712019-11-21T08:17:00.001-08:002019-11-21T08:17:14.128-08:00IOS Development Using Watchkit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsIOS Development Using Watchkit - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that in the mobile platform, a large market share is held by the iPhone; this being the reason behind interest in learning about iPhone development. The process of development entails an outline of how to establish the hardware for the applications. Setting of the software requirements and the final system requirements is also part of the process. Apple Inc. has made it easier for people who want to become developers with them. All a person needs is an account charged $99 annually, a mac computer, Xcode platform and a coding experience, such as the Swift and Objective-C coding languages. A developer page is availed that allows for download of the latest software and SDKs. The page also enables a certification for creation of profiles and groups and one has is free to manage the account and report any difficulty or bugs faced.As the study highlightsà the apple Inc. created a modern programming language called swift. It is specifically developed to be more precise and flexible that the Objective-C. Swift has LLVM (Low Level Virtual Machine) compiler framework that utilizes the objective-C runtime allowing C, C++, Swift code and Objective-C to run in a single program. The flexibility of Swift is attributed to its capacity to support widespread late binding, dynamic dispatch and extensible programming.à The Swift programming language has several features that indicate some similarities to the Objective-C, though are easier and more flexible. dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-8139661371931475662019-11-20T11:18:00.001-08:002019-11-20T11:18:05.138-08:00Discussion prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsDiscussion prompt - Essay Example In effect, Henry is saying that going to college is a mere excuse to party where students do not learn anything except to have fun. College is reduce to a mere rite of passage and not a way where can be enlightened or educated. When Henry mentioned that college is a mere rite of passage, it was in fact a statement of condescension if not derision because college is no longer a source of education where one can learn and get better but something that a person has to go through just like a ritual. And one does not necessarily learn anything when he passed through a ritual. When it is reduced to a mere rite of passage, it is like comparing college to male circumcision which is a rite of passage among males in certain societies to become ââ¬Å"certified adultâ⬠. I do not necessarily agree with Henry that college is a mere rite of passage because people who go there have actual cognitive intelligence to overcome the academic rigors of college. There mere act of going there and going through the entrance tests are already enough justification that people who go to college are educated and has the right attitude to succeed in life because of their effort to be better through academic institution. Even assuming for the sake of argument, people who go to college are generally educated even without the formal credentialing compared to those who did not go to college. This attests that college is not a mere rite of passage but rather an actual learning process where students study to be dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-69258188029732963492019-11-18T04:57:00.001-08:002019-11-18T04:57:04.546-08:00Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) We have now had ten years of the EssayAlternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) We have now had ten years of the Woolf reforms and experience proves that - Essay Example The exchange of documents must take place beforehand and no evidence can be allowed to be produced at the end of the trial to cause embarrassment to the opponent and leave him bewildered with no instant answer. Apart from this, the new requirement literally results in the trial being conducted twice. Any deficiencies on the part of the disputing parties are liable to be penalized by extra cost for having wasted courtââ¬â¢s time and the other partyââ¬â¢s time. This development has driven the litigants to seek redress out of court or suffer without their dispute being resolved. For example, as against 350,000 new cases filed in 1990 and 1991 before the Queenââ¬â¢s bench, cases filed after the reforms were 150,000 each year especially after the expansion of jurisdiction for country courts. And now since the year 2002, new claims have dropped to less than 20,000 per year. He says that this is a reflection of litigation being settled by other than legal means. The new CPR has led to judgesââ¬â¢ over-involvement in the case management which increases only the litigation cost with ninety percent unsure whether a case would be tried at all.1 Immediate reaction from Judge Charles Harris QC on April 16, 2009 notes that Lawrenceââ¬â¢s comments are exaggerated. He points out that the interim report of June 1995 on Access to Justice was concerned with three evils obstructing the way to justice. They were ââ¬Å"delay, complexity and costâ⬠. According to him Woolf reforms have reduced delays by virtue of case management by the judiciary which prevents litigators from prolonging their cases. As for complexity, unlike old Sale of Act 1979, modern day legislations like Consumer Credit Act 2006 are not fully comprehensible to both the lawyers as well the litigants. This complexity had crept in into criminal law and civil procedure as well. Hence, Lord Woolf aimed at simplicity for the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) so that they are easily comprehended by both th e lawyers and litigants. He therefore introduced shorter expressions like ââ¬Å"claimantâ⬠ââ¬Å"statement of the caseâ⬠and ââ¬Å"part 20 defendantâ⬠. The rules empower a judge to do what is fair and appropriate. As for its complexity, it has become more complex going by the fact that the CPR prior to 1997 which ran into 3,933 pages is now 5,827 pages which included a supplement and further 287 pages of guidance. As against Lord Woolfââ¬â¢s objective of reducing the multiplicity of practice directions, the opposite has happened. While the fast track rules for straight forward cases run into seven pages, practice directions consist of nine pages. He says that well drafted rules do not require practice directions and they do not make sense to the litigants either. As for access to justice, Judge Charles Harris says that it depends on how quickly and easily proceedings could be commenced. Prior to CPR, it was very simple with a mere letter to the opponent for whic h if there was no reply, straight away case could be filed with a dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3525845487753214723.post-67084594069263478232019-11-15T17:29:00.001-08:002019-11-15T17:29:12.035-08:00Observation of Child PlayObservation of Child Play Using observations of children at play in your setting, evaluate how you would scaffold the childrenââ¬â¢s learning in the future and improve the quality of play. Using a range of fully completed observations from placements (six in total), evaluate how you would improve the childrenââ¬â¢s learning experiences. Refer to expected ââ¬Å"normsâ⬠of development (fully referenced) and explain how your knowledge of theories of child development would give you an understanding of how you might scaffold their learning. It is recognised that play is a valuable and effective way of learning within the early years. The experiences children have within their early years settings work towards promoting their development, learning and their overall outlook on life. Throughout my time in placement settings, I have observed a wide range of children from the age of 3 months to 11 years old. Within this text, I shall be outlining six of the observations I have conducted over the past two years and explain the child in terms of their development, identifying areas where there are deviations of the expected ââ¬Å"normsâ⬠of development. Where appropriate, I will also explain my role of scaffolding these children. Scaffolding is defined by Read, C (2005) as the ââ¬Å"metaphorical concept used to describe the interactive verbal support provided by adults to guide a child through the ZPD and enable them to carry out a task that they would be unable to do without helpâ⬠. The area in which the child can perform an action or task, provided that a more skilled or knowledgeable person is available to help, Vygotsky termed the ââ¬Ëzone of proximal developmentââ¬â¢ (ZPD). Scaffolding is temporary and can be put in place, strengthened, taken down piece by piece or taken away completely, as the child develops knowledge and skills and is increasingly able to act competently and independently. My role of scaffolding is to be the ââ¬Å"more knowledgeable otherâ⬠Vygotsky explained, as I provide the child was minimal assistance that they require to achieve and understand a concept. Scaffolding refers to the particular kind of help, assistance and support that enables a child to do a task wh ich they cannot quite manage on their own and which brings them closer to a state of competence that will enable them to carry out other similar tasks. Child One (0-3 Years) CONGITIVE Time Observation 09:30am Child A had pointed to the snack table and said ââ¬Å"foodâ⬠ââ¬â I told child A ââ¬Å"not now, but laterâ⬠and child A was able to understand these simple time concepts and continued to play. 09:40am Child A had lifted one of the staff membersââ¬â¢ observation book, Child A was told to ââ¬Å"put the book back on the tableâ⬠in which they completed this action, showing understanding of this sentence. 09:50am Child A was asked if they needed their nappy changed, Child A responded by nodding for yes. 10:00am Child A was given a sorting toy which had spaces to place different shaped objects. Child A was able to complete this task by placing the correct shapes in the corresponding spaces. 10:10am Child A continued to play with this sorting toy, Child A used the attached phone to pretend to speak to ââ¬Å"mummyâ⬠on the phone. 10:20am Child A was able to point out a cat, a dog and a fish from a storybook I was reading. 10:30am At snack time, Child A was able to choose a fork rather than a spoon to use to eat chicken curry. For this observation, I used a time sampling method over a time period of one hour to observe a 2 year old during free flow play in a day care. From this observation, I was able to understand that Child A was developing normally as she was able to accomplish and show many areas of cognitive development of an average two year old child. Child A showed the capability of the usual cognitive milestones usually shown by a two year old child and has a wide understanding of words and phrases when spoken to. I do not believe there are any deviations of the norms of cognitive development and that no concerns are in place for this child. To help scaffold this child in the future, I can ensure the child is provided with more appropriate provision or her level of learning, such as more advanced reading books that are still age appropriate, but also capability appropriate to the child as to ensure continuous learning. Child Two (0-3) Years LANGUAGE Tries to copy your sounds Understands many more words than he can say Understands simple directions and questions such as Where is your nose? Get the ball. Demonstrates some pretend play with toys like give the teddy bear a drink Makes at least four consonant sounds from p,b,m,n,d,t,w,h Identifies pictures in a book when asked such as ââ¬Å"Show me the baby. Enjoys being read to and looking at books Understands the concepts of in and out, off and on Points to three body parts when asked Says No Asks for something by pointing and using sounds or words Imitates animal noises Tries to get attention by calling out, repeating words and pointing For this next observation, I carried out a longitudinal study on a child aged 18 months. Over the period of around one month, I was able to identify that Child Two is developing extremely rapidly and accordingly with reference to general norms and milestones of children aged 12 to 18 months. Child Twoââ¬â¢s language development appears to be flourishing every day and should not be a cause for concern. By reading new books and introducing new words to the child, I can scaffold their learning in the future to ensure the childââ¬â¢s development and learning is still continuing as normal. Child Three (0-3 Years) LANGUAGE Milestones for 2 to 3 Year Olds Achieved? Yes/No Pays increasing attention to speech No Responds to simple verbal requests No Responds to ââ¬Å"noâ⬠Yes Uses simple gestures Yes Babbles with inflection (changes in tone) Yes Says ââ¬Å"dadaâ⬠and ââ¬Å"mamaâ⬠No Tries to imitate words Yes Points to objects or picture when itââ¬â¢s named for him Yes Recognizes names of familiar people, objects, and body parts No Says several single words No Uses simple phrases No Uses 2-to-4 word sentences No Follows simple instructions Yes Repeats words overheard in conversation No Child Three is 30 months old, (2 Years, 6 Months) and was observed in a Day Care setting. This observation was carried out over a period of one week and by using a Checklist method. Throughout this observation, I witnessed that Child Threeââ¬â¢s attitudes towards language are not of the expected norms, as unlike the other children around the similar age were shouting words, able to point to areas on the face when named, saying ââ¬Å"mamaâ⬠and ââ¬Å"dadaâ⬠and in some cases, a variety of other two syllable words. Throughout the target week, Child Three did not speak a single word, which is rather worrying for his age range. Child Three does however, point and make grunting noises when he requires help, attention or is pointing to something he wants. These characteristics witnesses are more around the birth to 12 month area of language development and can suggest that Child Threeââ¬â¢s language development is progressing, but at an extremely slow rate compared to other children within the setting within this age range. Child Three does not try to say words but continues to murmur and grunt and does not interact with words with other children, which has shown an impact upon his social development as no children approach Child Three physically or verbally, leaving him to play alone, which does not provide a positive influence to promote language development to Child Three. A further observation was that Child Three tends to dribble a great deal whilst making noises, eating and in general, which may show signs of further teething that has continued and may impact Child Threeââ¬â¢s speech as he may refuse to speak as his mouth is in pain, which may be a suggestion to make to Child Threeââ¬â¢s parents to get checked by their GP. Child Threeââ¬â¢s overall language development appears to vary from the traditional norms as many of the milestones that are assumed of Child Threeââ¬â¢s age are not achieved and may produce worrying results which need to be explained to the childââ¬â¢s parents In order for them to seek further professional advice, possibly from a speech and language therapist in order to determine if there are any underlying issues which are affecting Child Threeââ¬â¢s language development. It could also be argued that these results are not a full representation of Child Threeââ¬â¢s language development as they were only conducted within the time period of one week, however I believe this is long enough to uncover any varying characteristics which affect development. The child was familiar with myself and otherââ¬â¢s present and I had been present within that setting for a number of months, so this would not produce any factors which may change Child Threeââ¬â¢s attitudes, which therefore might have affected his attitude, impacting the results of his development, ruling out this potential impacting factor. Child A (3+) SENSORY/COGNITIVE Vocabulary increasing significantly with words such as Composing sentences of 5 or more words, and with all parts of speech Identifying coins Counting to 10 and above Properly naming the primary colours and secondary Questioning more deeply, addressing meaning and purpose Responding to why questions Behaving more responsibly and apologizing for mistakes Accepting other points of view (but may not understand them) Demonstrating increased mathematical skill Questioning others, including parents and teachers Strongly identifying with the parent of the same sex Having a group of friends Engaging in imaginative play For Child A, I was able to carry out a longitudinal study over a time period of 5 months. Over these five months, I was able to establish a great understanding of Child Aââ¬â¢s cognitive and sensory development. At the age of 5, I believe Child A is developing extremely well in terms of cognitive and sensory progress and appears to show no deviations of cognitive or sensory norms. Child Aââ¬â¢s parents should be informed (if not already) that their childââ¬â¢s progress is flourishing well and that if they are encouraging this at home, they should continue to do so and this may have been an influential factor for her rapid progress in these developmental areas. Child B (3+) LANGUAGE Narrative Interpretation Child B talked about being a Bridesmaid. Described her dress as being ââ¬Å"beautifulâ⬠and that she was in a ââ¬Å"Limousineâ⬠. She also discussed the weather during that day. Child B drew a paper plate face and was able to add features independently, using correct colours and names. Child was able to retell a story I had read to class the previous day. Child B used identified a ââ¬Å"Magnifying glassâ⬠and used this to ââ¬Å"investigate acornsâ⬠. Child B was able to identify her name from a story book. Child B was able to concentrate for 5 minutes to complete a 24 piece jigsaw. Child B talked about the animals from the jigsaw and stated that a ââ¬Å"baby sheep is called a lambâ⬠. Child B prefers to use her right hand, and is able to write correctly using the tripod grip. Child B writes her name with recognizable letters and in correct formation. Child B talked about her experience at the hospital. ââ¬Å"I got my blood pressure taken, it went really tight but I didnââ¬â¢t cryâ⬠. Child B was able to retell the story of the Three Little Pigs during an arts activity, using her own words and from memory. Child B was able to talk in length and in great detail about her experience, using more advanced vocabulary such as ââ¬Å"Limousineâ⬠which expressed her capability of understanding more words, phrases and sentences. This good recollection of experiences and ability to retell a story to myself showed significant language development through taking part in conversations with adults. The ability to draw herself using correct colours ââ¬â such as identifying her own hair colour and eye colour and naming facial features independently shows recognizable progress within language development. Good use of story language was evident and signs of progress as Child B was able to recollect the story from previous day. Further vocabulary advancements observed as child identified ââ¬Å"magnifying glassâ⬠and was ââ¬Å"investigatingâ⬠. The ability to recognize and spell her own name is another step within language development. Further intellectual sentences are observed, using correct terminology of ââ¬Å"lambâ⬠. By selecting a preferring hand to write with and by using the appropriate grip, this shows further advances within language development milestones. Child was able to form an intellectual sentence consisting of her own personal experience, from memory and by using appropriate terminology, ââ¬Å"blood pressureâ⬠. Another observation of the ability to use her memory to retell a story. This observation was carried out within a Nursery school environment and the target child was 3 years old throughout the duration of this observation. Child B was observed over a period of 5 months playing within this environment, within the format I used to observe the child, I have added my thoughts and evaluation within the ââ¬Å"Interpretationâ⬠column. The child appears to be within an advanced area with her language development, as I observed her capability to recognize and spell her own name, which a large amount of other 3 year olds within the class cannot grasp. Child B was also very confident in retelling many personal experiences to both adults and her peers, along with the ability to retell stories from memory and through the use of pictures, such as drawing out the ââ¬Å"Three Little Pigsâ⬠story from memory during the Nursery Rhyme topic and by using pictures taken from the storybook ââ¬Å"The Crunching, Munching Caterpillarâ⬠to retell the story to me correctly and in her own words. I can state positively that Child B shows the signs of a confident child that is able to fulfil a variety of expectations of language development milestones within this age group, and I believe strongly that this child is developing appropriately according to the norms observed of children within this age group, and that there are no abnormalities or characteristics that need to be addressed. Child C (3+) LANGUAGE Pays attention to a short story and answers simple questions about it YES NO Hears and understands most of what is said at school YES NO Uses sentences that give many details YES NO Tells stories that stay on topic YES NO Communicates easily with other children and adults YES NO Says most sounds correctly except for a few (l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh, and th) YES NO Uses rhyming words YES NO Names some letters and numbers YES NO Uses adult grammar YES NO The final observation was also carried out within a Nursery setting and Child C is 4 years old. From this observation, I was able to notice varied aspects of Child Cââ¬â¢s development. In many cases, according to the developmental milestones checklist for language development of children aged 3 to 4, Child C was only able to fulfil 3 of the 9 areas for observation. In general, I have noticed that Child C does not talk, and when he does, it is quiet mutters of words. From this observation however, Child C was not able to use sentences, but instead mumbled quiet words which in many cases were unrecognizable. From what characteristics Child C was able to show, such as being able to pay attention to short stories and answer simple questions about them (usually yes or no answers), hear and understand most of what is said in class and also being able to name a short range of numbers and letters, I can suggest that these are the easier targets to fulfil, and may suggest that there are gr eat deviations of the norms of children this age. I would recommend a speech therapist or a general consultation from the childââ¬â¢s GP to his parents as the child does not make much of an attempt to speak to others and contribute, which is strange for a child who is of the age of exploration and interaction with others. References: Berk, L et al (1995) Scaffolding Childrenââ¬â¢s learning: Vygotsky and Early Childhood Education. National Association for the Education of Young Children. Frick, P et al (2009) Clinical Assessment of Child and Adolescent Personality and Behaviour. Springer. Herr, J et al (2002) Creative Resources for Infants and Toddlers. Cengage Learning. Justice, L et al (2013) Engaging Children with Print: Building Early Literacy Skills through Quality Read-Alouds. Guilford Publications. Leech-Riddall, S (2005) How to Observe Children. Heinemann. Read, C (2005) Scaffolding Childrenââ¬â¢s Talk and Learning. Available: http://carolread.com/articles/s%20talk%20and%20learning.pdf Smith, V et al (2009) Norms in Human Development. Cambridge University Press. Courtney Hill dinacolemahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13098096029220432596noreply@blogger.com0